1. intshayelelo
The U-Post Guardrail System ngumba ophambili kwiziseko ezingundoqo zokhuseleko ezindleleni, idume ngokusebenza kwayo ekubambeni nasekuhambiseni izithuthi ngenye indlela ngexesha leengozi. Ubume obukhethekileyo "U" bezithuba bubonelela ngesisombululo esomeleleyo nesoqoqosho kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Le ngxelo inika uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha oluneenkcukacha lwenkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail, ebandakanya iinkcukacha zayo zobugcisa, iimetriki zokusebenza, iinkqubo zofakelo, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezizayo. Injongo kukuxhobisa amagcisa okhuseleko ezindleleni ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iinzuzo zenkqubo ye-U-Post, imida, kunye nophuhliso olunokubakho.
2. IiNgcaciso zobuGcisa kunye neMigaqo yoYilo
2.1 Iprofayili ye-U-Post
Inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail ibonakala ngokusetyenziswa kwayo Izithuba ezimilise ngo-U, enika indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yamandla kunye nokuguquguquka.
- amacala: I-U-Posts ngokuqhelekileyo ilinganisa i-610 mm ubude kunye ne-90 mm ububanzi, inika isakhiwo senkxaso esizinzile.
- imathiriyeli: Yakhiwe ukusuka kwintsimbi ephezulu yokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nezinto ezisingqongileyo.
- Unikeze Amandla: 345-450 MPa.
- Okomeleleyo kuQinisekisa ukuBamba: 483-620 MPa.
- ubungqingqwa: Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo yi-3.42 mm (i-gauge eyi-10), ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithuba zinokumelana nempembelelo ebalulekileyo.
- Ubunzima beGalvanization: Intsimbi ishushu-idiphu yenziwe ngegalvanized, inobukhulu obuqhelekileyo bokugquma obuyi-610 g/m², iphucula ukuxhathisa ukudleka.
Izinto zeNkqubo ezi-2.2
Inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail ibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo asebenza kunye ukuhambisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo:
- izithuba: Izithuba ezimilise ngo-U zi-ankile isixokelelwano sokugada kunye nokufunxa amandla empembelelo.
- amacala: Izithuba ziyi-90 mm x 150 mm kwiprofayili.
- Imizila: I-guardrail ngokwayo idla ngokwenza kwiiprofayili ze-W-Beam okanye i-Thrie Beam, eziqhotyoshelwe kwi-U-Posts.
- Izithintelo: Ezi spacers zigcina umphakamo kaloliwe kwaye zinceda ukuphucula ukufunxwa kwamandla ngexesha leempembelelo.
- Izahlulo zikaloliwe: Amacandelo omzila wesitimela axhunyiwe usebenzisa iibholiti okanye ezinye iindlela zokuqinisa ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka.
- Phelisa izikhululo: Amacandelo akhethekileyo ayilelwe ukuthoba ngokukhuselekileyo okanye ukuhambisa izithuthi ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokugada.
- Isithuba sePost: Izithuba ziqheleke ngokweemitha eziyi-1.905 (iinyawo eziyi-6.25) ukuqelelana, nangona esi sikhewu sinokulungelelaniswa ngokwemiqathango ethile yendlela kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.
2.3 Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo
I-U-Post guardrails isebenzisa intsimbi ekhandiweyo, ebonelela amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola, ukubenza bafaneleke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimimandla enemozulu embi kakhulu okanye ubutyuwa obuphezulu, ukhuso olongezelelweyo lunokusetyenziswa ukwandisa ubomi benkqubo nokugcina ukusebenza.
3. Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
3.1 Inkqubo yokufunxa amandla
Inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail yenzelwe ukufunxa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ichithe amandla empembelelo ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Ukuguqulwa kololiwe: Umzila kaloliwe ugoba phezu kwempembelelo, ukusasazwa kunye nokunciphisa amandla ngelixa ugcina imfezeko yesakhiwo.
- Post Ukuguquguquka: Izithuba ze-U zenzelwe ukugoba kunye nokufunxa amandla empembelelo, ukunciphisa umothuko ogqithiselwe kwisithuthi.
- Uxinzelelo lweBlockout: I-blockouts compress ngexesha leempembelelo, ukunciphisa ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwizithuba.
Izifundo zakutsha nje nguZhang et al. (2023) ibonise ukuba i-U-Post guardrails inokufunxa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 kJ yamandla e-kinetic ukusuka kwingozi ebandakanya isithuthi esiqhelekileyo somkhweli.
3.2 INdlela yoKhuseleko
I-U-Post guardrails ziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko:
- Isiqinisekiso se-MASH TL-3: Iyakwazi ukuqulatha kunye nokuthumela kwakhona izithuthi ukuya kwi-2,270 kg (5,000 lbs) ehamba nge-100 km / h kunye ne-25-degree angle impact.
- EN1317 N2 iNqanaba lokuGcina: Ibonisa ukukwazi ukugcina ngokukhuselekileyo izithuthi ukuya kwi-1,500 kg ngesantya se-110 km / h kunye ne-angle yempembelelo ye-20-degree.
Idatha evela Federal Highway Administration (2023) ibonisa ukuba i-U-Post guardrails inokunciphisa ubunzima bokuphahlazeka nge-40-50% xa ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo.
4. Ufakelo kunye noLondolozo
4.1 Inkqubo yoFakelo
Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwe-U-Post guardrails kuxhomekeke kufakelo oluchanekileyo:
- Ukulungiselela indawo: Qinisekisa ukuba umhlaba uhlelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uxinaniswe ukunika isiseko esizinzileyo sezithuba.
- Ukufakwa kweposi: I-U-Posts mhlawumbi iqhutywe emhlabeni okanye ifakwe kwimingxuma esele igrunjwe ngaphambili, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomhlaba kunye nohlobo lweposi.
- URail Mounting: I-guardrail ixhonywe kwizithuba kusetyenziswa i-blockouts, iqinisekisa ubude obuchanekileyo ukuze kufakwe impembelelo efanelekileyo.
- Phelisa uFakelo lweSiteshi: Ufakelo olululo lweetheminali zesiphelo lubalulekile ekuthotyweni kwesithuthi esisebenzayo okanye ekuhanjisweni kwenye indawo.
Ngokutsho Inkqubo yoPhando ngoNdlela weSizwe weNtsebenziswano, abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo banokufaka phakathi kwe-250 kunye ne-350 yeemitha ze-U-Post guardrail ngosuku phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
4.2 IiMfuno zoLondolozo
Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo:
- Ulungelelwaniso lukaloliwe: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uloliwe ukuphakamile okuchanekileyo kwaye akukho deformation.
- Thumela Imfezeko: Hlola izithuba zomonakalo okanye umhlwa.
- Imeko yeSplice: Qinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo lweziporo zikaloliwe luhlala lukhuselekile.
- UHlolo lokuTyakala: Jonga rhoqo iimpawu zerusi okanye umhlwa, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye kwimizi-mveliso.
A uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi liSebe lezoThutho laseTexas (2023) lafumanisa ukuba ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, i-U-Post guardrails ingaba nobomi benkonzo ukuya kwi-25 iminyaka okanye ngaphezulu.
5. Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa
| uphawu | U-Post Guardrail | W-Beam Guardrail | I-Thrie Beam Guardrail | Umqobo weConcrete | Umqobo weCable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iindleko zokuqala | $ | $$ | $$$ | $$$$ | $ |
| Iindleko zoLondolozo | $$ | $$ | $$ | $ | $$$ |
| Ukufunxwa kwamandla | phakathi | phakathi | phezulu | low | phezulu |
| Ixesha lokufaka | phakathi | phakathi | phakathi | phezulu | low |
| Ukufaneleka kweeCurves | phezulu | phezulu | phakathi | KuNcinci | Zintle |
| Ukonakala kwesithuthi (Isantya esiphantsi) | Phakathi | Phakathi | low | phezulu | low |
Olu thelekiso lugxininisa ibhalansi ye-U-Post guardrail yeendleko, ukufunxa amandla, kunye nokufaneleka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zendlela.
6. Uhlalutyo lwezoQoqosho
6.1 Uhlalutyo lweendleko zoMjikelo woBomi
Inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail ithathwa njengexabiso elisebenzayo kubomi bayo:
- Ukufakwa kokuqala: Iindleko ezisezantsi ezisezantsi xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-Thrie Beam, ezinamaxabiso akhuphisanayo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo.
- Iindleko zesondlo: Ukuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-W-Beam, kunye namacandelo emodyuli aququzelela ukulungiswa kweendleko.
- Ubomi benkonzo: Ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, iinkqubo ze-U-Post zingahlala phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-25 iminyaka.
A Ucwaningo lwe-2023 liSebe lezoThutho laseTexas lafumanisa ukuba ufakelo lwe-U-Post lune inzuzo-yeendleko zesi-4:1, ebonisa imbuyekezo enamandla kutyalo-mali.
6.2 Impembelelo yoLuntu
- Ukuncitshiswa koKufa: Iindlela zokugada ze-U-Post zinceda ekunciphiseni iingozi zokubaleka ezindleleni malunga ne-25%.
- Ukunciphisa Ukwenzakala Okumandundu: Inkqubo inegalelo ekunciphiseni i-20% yokulimala kakhulu, ukuguqulela kwi-social savings malunga ne-$ 350,000 ngemayile kwisithuba seminyaka engama-25.
7. Unyino kunye nokuqwalaselwa
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail inemida ethile:
- Ukungqubana kwe-Engle ephezulu: Isenokungasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kwiimpembelelo ezikwikona ephezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zeThrie Beam.
- Iimoto ezinzima: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwiilori ezinkulu kakhulu okanye iibhasi, apho eminye imiqobo inokufaneleka ngakumbi.
- Ngaphantsi koMngcipheko: Izithuthi ezincinci zinokungena ngaphantsi kwe-guardrail ukuba ayigcinwanga kumphakamo ofanelekileyo.
- Ukulungiswa rhoqo: Iindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ezinempembelelo rhoqo zinokufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo, okunokunyusa iindleko zizonke.
8. Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye nezikhokelo zoPhando
8.1 Izinto ezintsha ezintsha
Ukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto kukhokelela kuphuculo kwiinkqubo ze-U-Post guardrail:
- Iintsimbi eziphucukileyo: Uphando lujolise kwiintsimbi eziphezulu ezinokuqina okuphuculweyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.
- Izinto eziyinxalenye: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) kunokubonelela ngokumelana nokugqwesa okungcono kunye nokuphucula amandla okuphucula. Uphononongo lokuqala lucebisa ukuba i-FRP inokuphucula ukusebenza ngempembelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%.
8.2 IiTekhnoloji ze-Smart
Itekhnoloji ezisakhulayo zisetelwe ukuphucula iinkqubo ze-U-Post guardrail:
- Iinzwa ezizinzisiweyo: Ukudityaniswa kwezinzwa zokubona impembelelo yexesha langempela kunye nokubeka iliso kwisakhiwo sempilo.
- Ukukhanyisa kunye nokuReflectivity: Ukubonakala okuphuculweyo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezikhanyisiweyo okanye ezibonisayo ukuphucula ukhuseleko kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi.
- Ukudityaniswa kweSithuthi esiQhagamshelweyo: Ukuhlanganiswa okunokwenzeka kunye neenkqubo zezithuthi ezixhunyiwe ukubonelela ngezilumkiso zengozi yexesha langempela.
9. Izimvo zeNgcali
UGqr Laura Green, ingcali yokhuseleko kwezothutho evela kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, ithi, “Inkqubo ye-U-Post guardrail ibetha ulungelelwano oluncomekayo phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza. Amandla ayo okuqhubela phambili kwezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe iya kuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kwixa elizayo”.
James Lee, Unjineli oyiNtloko kwiZiko loKhuseleko eziNdleleni, uyongezelela, "Nangona izithintelo ezitsha ziqhubeka ziphuhliswa, inkqubo ye-U-Post ibonakaliswe ukuthembeka kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yenza ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo ekukhuseleni ezindleleni, kunye nezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo ezithembisa ukuphuculwa okungakumbi".
10. Isiphelo
Inkqubo yokugada i-U-Post ihlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko ezingundoqo zokhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela. Ukusebenza kweendleko, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zendlela kuyenza ibe lukhetho oluxabisekileyo kukhuseleko lohola wendlela. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwimathiriyeli kunye nobuchwepheshe, inkqubo ye-U-Post ikulungele ukugcina ukufaneleka kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwixesha elizayo.
