Iindlela zokugada kuhola wendlela - ngakumbi iindawo ezikuyo yonke indawo W-umqadi (amaza amabini amaza entsimbi kaloliwe) kunye Thrie-beam (amaza kaloliwe amathathu) uyilo - zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela. Le ngxelo ihlalutya imakethi yezi zixhobo zokugada kuyo yonke imimandla emikhulu (kuMntla Melika, iYurophu, uMbindi Mpuma, uMzantsi Melika, iAsia Pacific), kubandakanya nesigama sokukhangela kwendawo, abaqhubi bemfuno, kunye nabakhuphisana abaphambili kwingingqi nganye.
amantla Emelika
ImiGaqo yoKhangelo yasekuhlaleni
Abasebenzisi baseMntla Melika bakhangela ikakhulu ngesiNgesi besebenzisa amagama afana nala "umlindi" or "uhola wendlela." Kwezinye iindawo zase-US (umz. kuMntla-mpuma), "uloliwe okhokelayo" ikwasetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo imiqobo ecaleni kwendlela (Ubhidekile: Ngaba yiGaurdrail okanye i-Guiderail : r/civilengineering-Reddit). Iinkcazo zeshishini zihlala zisebenzisa amagama abanzi afana nala “umqobo wokhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela” or "umqobo wendlela", kodwa ngokwentetho "umlindi" ihlala isemgangathweni. Imiqathango yemveliso ethile efana "I-W-beam guardrail" kwaye "Isixhobo sokulinda se-Thrie-beam" ziqhelekile xa uphendla ezi ntlobo ezithile. ECanada, igama lesiNgesi liyafana, ngelixa imimandla ethetha isiFrentshi (umz. Québec) isebenzisa "glissière de sécurité" (ngokwenyani “isilayidi sokhuseleko”) kwiindlela zokugada zohola wendlela. EMexico (inxalenye yoMntla Merika), amagama eSpanish anjenge "barrera de contención" (umqobo wokuqulatha) okanye "guardarraíl" zisetyenziselwa ukhuseleko (Guardarraíl – Wikipedia, intyilalwazi free). Abasebenzisi banokukhangela ngokwemigangatho okanye ngokwenkcazo (umz., "I-AASHTO M180 yonogada" ekumgangatho wase-US we-W-beam guardrails).
Imfuno yeMarike kunye neeMpawu
INorth America inomntu oqolileyo kodwa imfuno eyomeleleyo kwiindlela zokugada eziqhutywa kukugcinwa kweendlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko, notyalo-mali olutsha lweziseko ezingundoqo. I-US ngokukodwa ibambe a isabelo semarike esibalulekileyo ngo-2023 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba qhubeka nolawulo lwayo kwimarike ye-Guardrail ngenxa yothungelwano lohola wendlela olusekwe kakuhle kunye nemithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032). Oyena mthetho wawungumthetho woTyalo-mali kwiZiseko zoPhuhliso luka-2021 kunye noMthetho weMisebenzi, owaba I-110 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiindlela kunye neebhulorho kunye nolongezelelweyo I-11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zokhuseleko lwezothutho iinkqubo (UMthetho woTyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye noMthetho weMisebenzi – iWikipedia). Oku kunyuka kwenkxaso-mali, ecaleni kweenkqubo zohola wendlela karhulumente, kuphembelela ii-odolo ezinkulu zokutshintshwa kunye nofakelo lwesiporo. Ulwakhiwo lweendlela kunye neeprojekthi zokwandisa ziyakhula (kubandakanywa neendlela ezintsha zeenqwelo-moya kunye nemisebenzi yebhulorho), ukugcina imfuno ingaguquki. EKhanada, iinkqubo zomdibaniso kunye nezephondo zokuphucula iindlela zendlela zenza igalelo ekuthengeni i-guardrail, ngakumbi kuhola wendlela iTrans-Canada kunye neendlela ezinkulu zasezidolophini. Ukukhula kophuhliso lohola wendlela waseMexico kunye nokwandiswa kwemvume yeendlela ezirhafelwayo kukwaqhuba imfuno yeendlela ezintsha zokugada kwiindlela ezisanda kwakhiwa okanye eziphuculweyo. Idatha yokuhamba kurhwebo ibonisa ukuba uMntla Melika uyanelisa uninzi lwemfuno yawo yokugada imveliso yasekhaya, nangona iMexico kunye ne-US zibandakanyeka kunikezelo lwemida enqamlezileyo kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphantsi (umzekelo ukusuka e-Asia) kwizicelo ezingabalulekanga. Ngokubanzi, imakethi yokugada yaseMntla Melika i izinzile kwaye zinkulu, ngokukhula okunxulumene nenkcitho yeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nezigunyaziso zokhuseleko.
Abakhuphisana abakhulu
Ubonelelo lwe-W-beam yaseMntla Melika kunye ne-Thrie-beam beam lukhokelwa ngabavelisi abaliqela abamiselweyo kunye nababoneleli:
- Gregory Industries (Gregory Highway) – (Iwebhusayithi: gregorycorp.com) Umvelisi wase-US owaziwa ngokubanzi njenge inkokeli yesizwe kuhola wendlela (Guardrail Manufacturer | Ukhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela | UGregory Highway). UGregory unikezela ngegalvanized standard Iiphaneli ze-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam guardrail, izithuba zentsimbi, kunye nentlanganiso ye-hardware yenguqu ye-AASHTO M180 kunye ne-MASH criteria. Umgca wayo wemveliso ubandakanya iinkqubo ezipheleleyo zokugada kunye nezincedisi (umz. iitheminali zokuphela kunye nezithinteli). Amaxabiso ngokuqhelekileyo asekelwe kwiprojekthi; njengomzekelo, idatha yekhontrakthi yamva nje ibonisa intsimbi ye-W-beam guardrail ejikeleze $40–$45 ngonyawo lomgca olufakiweyo e-US (). UGregory waziwa ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokujika ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubambe isabelo esibalulekileyo kwimarike ye-Guardrail yase-US (ukubonelela ngeeprojekthi ezininzi ze-DOT zikarhulumente) (Guardrail Manufacturer | Ukhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela | UGregory Highway).
- IValtir (eyayisakuba ziiMveliso zeNdlela yeNdlela kaThathu) – (Iwebhusayithi: valtir.com) Umdlali ophambili wase-US, owayesakuba yinxalenye yeTrinity Industries. IValtir/Trinity iyavelisa Iiphaneli ze-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam guardrail, izithintelo zekhebula, kunye neenkqubo zokuthengisa ze-proprietary end-terminal. Banikezela ngeenkqubo zokugada ezisemgangathweni ezihambelana ne-AASHTO M180 kwaye banemveliso yobuvulindlela efana ne-ET-Plus end terminal. Amaxabiso afunyanwa ngokucaphula; inkampani ihlala ibonelela ngezisombululo zesithintelo se-turnkey kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. UBathathu Emnye (ngoku eyiValtir) une ubukho behlabathi kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zokuvelisa (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032), kubandakanywa imisebenzi e-US naseMexico, eyenza enye ye ababoneleli abakhulu behlabathi zoonogada. Indawo yabo yentengiso kuMntla Merika yomelele kakhulu - ngokwembali ibonelela ngeereyile zokugada kwiindawo ezininzi ze-DOT kunye noohola bendlela kwilizwe liphela.
- Intsimbi yeNucor (uMarion) - (Iwebhusayithi: nucorhighway.com) Icandelo leNucor Corporation, lo menzi wase-US uvelisa intsimbi yokulinda kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo (ezinophawu Nu-GANDA iileyili). Iyunithi yeemveliso zendlela yeNucor eMarion, eOhio I-W-beam guardrail kunye ne-Thrie-beam kunye nezithuba zentsimbi ezinxulumene ne-100% yentsimbi ehlaziyiweyo ([PDF] Inqaku le-GUARDRAIL 606.015X1 – Izithuba zentsimbi (Nu-G). Baziwa ngokuba Nu-Guard 31 inkqubo (i-MASH TL-3 ethobelayo yokugada) (Iinkqubo zokugada – Iindlela kunye neebhulorho). Ukudityaniswa kweNucor ukusuka ekwenzeni intsimbi ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo kuyinika iindleko kunye nokubonelela ngeenzuzo. Inkampani ithengisela abasasazi kunye neekontraka ezinexabiso ngetoni nganye; guardrails zabo zithathwa ukhuphiswano ngexabiso. I-Nucor/Marion ngumboneleli ophambili wasekhaya, kwaye iinkqubo zayo (kubandakanywa noyilo lobunikazi) zinokwamkelwa okubalulekileyo, ibeka i-Nucor njengomkhuphisani ophambili kwimarike yokhuseleko lohola wendlela.
- IThengiso kuShishino jikelele (UIS) – (Iwebhusayithi: uisutah.com) Umenzi wase-US osekwe e-Utah, i-UIS izithengisa ngokwazo "Umvelisi okhokelayo we-W-Beam kunye ne-Thrie-Beam yokugada esizweni." (IThengiso kuShishino lweHlabathi) Babonelela ngeepaneli zentsimbi yokukhusela esemgangathweni kunye namacandelo kwilizwe lonke, ezikwazi ukuhambisa iilori ezigcweleyo okanye iiodolo ezincinci ngokukhawuleza. I-UIS igxile kwii-odolo zokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye inobukho obunamandla ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona. Amaxabiso abo ayakhuphisana kwiiodolo ezininzi (ehlala ecaphula kwi $/unyawo okanye ngokwe 25-ft icandelo). Ngelixa incinci kunezigebenga, isidima se-UIS kunye nokubanga ubunkokheli kuzwelonke kwimveliso yokhuselo (Universal Industial Iintengiso) zigxininisa ubume obuqhekekileyo kodwa obunokhuphiswano kwimarike yaseMelika.
- Lindsay Transportation Solutions - (Iwebhusayithi: lindsay.com/transportation) Inkampani yase-US eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Road Zipper" inkqubo yokuthintela ehambayo kunye nezinye iimveliso zendlela. ULindsay uvelisa ezinye iisistim zokugada kunye nezithintelo (kubandakanya iirayili ezikhethekileyo ze-W-beam kunye neekhushini zokuwa). Bajolise ekuqaliseni izinto ezintsha (umzekelo, izithintelo zentsimbi ezinezinzwa ezihlanganisiweyo) kwaye zibe nokufikelela kwihlabathi jikelele. Iminikelo yokulinda kaLindsay ibandakanya ulungelelwaniso olusemgangathweni kwaye bahlala bebhida kwiiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezinezisombululo ezibanzi. Ngelixa ingengomvelisi we-guardrail njengalapha ngasentla, uLindsay ungumkhuphisani obonakalayo kwindawo ebanzi yomqobo wokhuseleko ezindleleni (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032), kwaye ubukho bayo buqinisekisa ukhetho olongezelelweyo kwii-arhente ezifuna iinkqubo eziphezulu zokusebenza.
Ukongeza kwezi, uMntla Merika unabanye ababoneleli be-guardrail (umz Telespar/Unistrut kwiipali zentsimbi, Valmont Industries kuba guardrail e Canada / Australia, kunye fabricators zommandla). Imarike yaseKhanada ihlala iphuma kubavelisi base-US okanye iinkampani zentsimbi zalapha ekhaya (njenge UGilbert Steel e Ontario, leyo rolls guardrail). imarike Mexico kubavelisi basekhaya ezifana Talleres y Aceros (TyASA), eyenza i-guardrails kuzo zombini i-US (AASHTO) kunye nemigangatho yaseYurophu yokusetyenziswa eMexico naseLatin America. Ngokubanzi, imarike yaseNyakatho yaseMelika idityaniswe ngokulinganayo, kunye noBathathu Emnye / iValtir, uGregory, kunye neNucor (kunye nabadibaniswa nabo) babala inxalenye enkulu yokubonelela, ngelixa abavelisi bengingqi bezalisa imfuno yendawo kunye nemiyalelo ye-niche.
Ukuthelekiswa kwaBanikezeli be-Key North America Guardrail
| uhlobo | website | IiMveliso eziPhambili ze-Guardrail | Amaxabiso (malunga.) | Indawo yeMakethi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gregory Industries | gregorycorp.com (Uhola wendlela div.) | I-W-beam, i-Thrie-beam, izithuba, i-End-terminals (Idibana ne-AASHTO M180, MASH) | ~$40/ft ifakiwe (galv. intsimbi) (); iikowuti ngeprojekthi nganye | Inkokeli yesizwe; umthengisi omkhulu we-DOT ([uMvelisi we-Guardrail |
| IValtir (Trinity Hwy) | valtir.com | I-W-beam, i-Thrie-beam, izithintelo zeCable, iikhushini zokuNwabeka, iZiphelo | Isekwe kucatshulo; umz. iibhidi zokhuphiswano kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu | Phakathi kwezona zinkulu e-US nakwihlabathi jikelele (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032); imveliso yezityalo ezininzi. |
| Nucor (Marion) | nucorhighway.com | Iinkqubo ze-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam (i-Nu-Guard), izithuba zentsimbi | Amaxabiso ekhontrakthi ngetoni nganye (ubonelelo lwentsimbi oludityanisiweyo) | Umvelisi omkhulu wentsimbi yasekhaya; kuphuhliswe iinkqubo zobunini. |
| Intengiso ye-Universal Ind | uisutah.com | I-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam yokugada, amacandelo (AASHTO M180) | Isekwe kucatshulo; bhetyebhetye kwiiodolo ezincinci; ~$2.50–$3.00/ft (izinto kuphela, est.) | Umvelisi owaziwayo eNtshona US (IThengiso kuShishino lweHlabathi); ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza niche. |
| Lindsay Transport | lindsay.com/transportation | Iindlela zokugada zohola wendlela, imiqobo eKhethekileyo (intsimbi & ikhonkrithi), Ukuphelisa unyango | Amaxabiso aphezulu kwiinkqubo ezikhethekileyo; iireyile ezisemgangathweni ziyakhuphisana | Umqalisi kwizithintelo zohola wendlela (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032); ubukho behlabathi kwiimveliso zokhuseleko. |
(Ixabiso liyabonisa; amaxabiso okwenene ayahluka ngokobungakanani beodolo, ukwambathisa (igalvanized vs. weathering steel), kunye nommandla. $ 30–$45 ngonyawo linear nganye yentsimbi W-beam guardrails kuquka izithuba kunye hardware ().)
iYurophu
ImiGaqo yoKhangelo yasekuhlaleni
Imarike yeelwimi ezininzi yaseYurophu isebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo kuhola wendlela. E-UK nase-Ireland, amagama aqhelekileyo "umqobo wokuntlitheka", "umqobo wokhuseleko", okanye ngokungacwangciswanga "Isithintelo seArmco." (Igama elithi “Armco” libe yireferensi eqhelekileyo kwi-W-beam guardrails, ephuma kwinkampani yentsimbi yeArmco.) I-Continental Europe isebenzisa amagama olwimi lwasekhaya: umzekelo, kwi French kunjalo "glissière de sécurité" (ukhuseleko isilayidi sikaloliwe), kwi isiJamani "Leitplanke" or "Schutzplanke" (iplanga ekhokelayo/iplanga yokukhusela), kwi Spanish "barrera de seguridad" or "guardarraíl." I-Colloquially eSpain, ii-guardrails zikwabizwa "quitamiedos" (“abasuse uloyiko”) (Guardarraíl – Wikipedia, intyilalwazi free). In Italian, amagama aqhelekileyo aquka "uloliwe wonogada" (idla ngokubhalwa njengamagama amabini) kunye "bionda" (ibhekisa kwiprofayile yamaza aphindwe kabini) (Guardarraíl – Wikipedia, intyilalwazi free). Eminye imizekelo: IsiPolish sisebenzisa “bariera drogowa”, isiSwedish “vägräcke”, njl. njl., kodwa amagama esiNgesi afana nala "umlindi" or "umqobo wokuntlitheka" zibonwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwiimeko zobugcisa. Ukongeza, ixesha elisemthethweni le-EU li "Inkqubo yokuthintela imoto (VRS)", equka iintsimbi zokugada phantsi komgangatho we-EN 1317. Abathengi baseYurophu kunye nabaxeli bahlala bekhangela ngokwemigangatho (umz., “EN 1317 isithintelo sokhuseleko N2 W2”) okanye ngegama lemveliso/uphawu ngenxa yeeklasi zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni kwi-EU.
Imfuno yeMarike kunye neeMpawu
IYurophu ine a uthungelwano lwendlela oluphuhliswe kakuhle kunye neemfuno eziqhubekayo zokulondolozwa, ukutshintshwa, kunye nokuphuculwa. Imarike iqhutywa kujoliso lwengingqi kukhuseleko ezindleleni (amanyathelo oMbono weZero, imiyalelo yokhuseleko ezindleleni ye-EU) kunye nohlaziyo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezigugayo. Amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu (njengeJamani, iFransi, i-UK) ikakhulu abonisa imfuno yokutshintshwa - ukubuyisela iintsimbi ezindala okanye ezonakalisiweyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho emitsha (umzekelo, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo ezithobelayo ze-EN 1317 kunye nokongeza ukhuseleko lwesithuthuthu ngaphantsi koololiwe). IMpuma noMzantsi Yurophu inegalelo imfuno yokukhula njengoko besandisa kwaye bephucula oohola bendlela kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo ezinemiqobo emitsha yokhuseleko, ehlala ixhaswa ngemali ziinkqubo zeziseko zophuhliso ze-EU. IYurophu ngummandla obalaseleyo wokukhusela, oxhaswa yimimiselo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nenkcubeko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032).
Utyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo kwiindlela zendlela luhlala luqinile: iKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye noorhulumente belizwe banikezela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olubalulekileyo lokugcinwa kweendlela ezinkulu kunye nokwandiswa ngonyaka ngamnye. Umzekelo, i-EU's Connecting Europe Facility kunye nezicwangciso zelizwe ezahlukeneyo ziqinisekisa ukufakelwa kwe-guardrail eqhubekayo kwiiprojekthi ezintsha (umzekelo, ulwandiso lweNxibelelwano yezoThutho yaseYurophu). Ngaphezu koko, amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusweleka kwezithuthi kukhokelele izixhobo zokulinda ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ezinamanqanaba aphezulu okuzibamba kunye nophambuko olusezantsi) ukufakelwa kumacandelo endlela ayingozi, ngakumbi ifutha imfuno yezithintelo ezikhethekileyo ze-thrie-beam kwiibhulorho kunye nee-medians. Ukungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle kweYurophu kubandakanya urhwebo olunqamleza imida - umz., abavelisi kwelinye ilizwe le-EU babonelela ngeeprojekthi kwelinye - kodwa ngokubanzi, imakethi ibonelelwa imveliso yengingqi. IYurophu inabavelisi abaninzi basekhaya abahlangabezana neemfuno ze-EN 1317 CE-marking, kunye neentlawulo kwintsimbi ziqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwasekhaya luhlala lukhuphisana. Isishwankathelo, imfuno yaseYurophu ye-W-beam kunye ne-thrie-beam guardrails ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhula kwimimandla ephuhlayo kunye nemijikelo yokutshintshwa / yokuphucula kwimimandla ephuhlisiwe igcina imarike enempilo.
Abakhuphisana abakhulu
Imarike ye-Guardrail yaseYurophu yahlulwe ngandlel' ithile kumazwe ngamazwe, kodwa inani labadlali abakhulu basebenza kumazwe ngamazwe:
- I-Hill & Smith Ltd - (Iwebhusayithi: hilllandsmith.com) Inkampani yase-UK eneminyaka engaphezu kwe-200 kwi-steelworks, i-Hill & Smith yigama elihamba phambili kwiinkqubo zokuthintela iindlela. Benza into eyaziwayo "Flexbeam" inkqubo yentsimbi yokulinda (i-W-beam guardrail ehambelana ne-EN 1317 N2 iklasi ye-W2) kunye nokwahluka okunje Hi-Flex ngenxa yesithintelo esiphezulu, kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene (i-bridge parapets, imiqobo yentambo yocingo phantsi kwe Brifen uphawu). Izithintelo zika-Hill & Smith zisetyenziswa kakhulu e-UK kwaye zithunyelwa kumazwe ngamazwe; inkampani inikeza "isisombululo esipheleleyo" kwizithintelo ezisisigxina zokhuseleko (Izithintelo ze-Hill kunye ne-Smith-Ikhaya - Iinkqubo zokuthintela umgwaqo omkhulu). Ixabiso liphakathi kuluhlu lweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo - e-UK ipaneli esemgangathweni yeFlexbeam (3.5m) esemgangathweni yeendleko ngokomyalelo we £100–£120 ngemitha (ngaphandle kokufakela, iirhafu). I-Hill & Smith yinkokeli yemarike e-UK kwaye iyaziwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngomgangatho, kunye nesikhundla esomeleleyo kwiimarike zexeshana kunye nezisisigxina.
- Iqela leSaferoad - (Iwebhusayithi: saferoad.com) Ikomkhulu eNorway, iSaferoad yinkampani enkulu yokhuseleko ezindleleni yaseYurophu. Banikezela nge uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zokuthintela izithuthi kubandakanya i-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam guardrails, phantsi kwamagama eebhrendi ezininzi kunye ne-subsidiaries yendawo kulo lonke elaseYurophu (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi-Fumana imveliso yeSaferoad). Iindlela zokugada zeSaferoad zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EN 1317 kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuqulatha (ukusuka kwi-N2 eqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-H2/H3). Bakwavelisa iireyili zebhulorho kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezisezantsi. ISaferoad inesabelo esikhulu semakethi eScandinavia, kuMbindi Yurophu, nakwiindawo zaseMpuma Yurophu ngenxa yokufunyanwa ngabavelisi balapha ekhaya. Amaxabiso eqela kunye neenkcazo zemveliso ziyahluka ngokwamazwe, kodwa zikhuphisana kumgangatho kunye nofakelo lwenkonzo epheleleyo. I-Saferoad yaziwa ngokuba yi-one-stop supplier, ehlala ine- Isabelo esikhulu semarike kwiinkqubo zothintelo lwendlela kummandla weNordic kunye nobukho obunamandla e-EU ngokubanzi.
- IVolkmann kunye neRossbach (V&R) – (Iwebhusayithi: volkmann-rossbach.com) Umvelisi waseJamani uthathwa njengenye ye Iinkokeli zemarike zaseYurophu kukhuseleko ezindleleni nasezindleleni iimveliso (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lwendlela - VOLKMANN & ROSSBACH GmbH). I-V&R ivelisa iinkqubo zala maxesha zokuthintela izithuthi (ii-guardrails) kuwo onke amanqanaba okuthintela (umz., iisistim ezisemgangathweni zamaza amaza amabini kwakunye nezisistim ezisindayo zamaza amaza amathathu zothintelo oluphezulu) kwaye ikwayincutshe kufakelo lwesitshixo. Bavelisa izinto ezintsha ngeemveliso ezifana neentsimbi zokugada ezifunxa ingxolo kunye nezithintelo ezixutyiweyo zentsimbi-kunye nomthi. Volkmann & Rossbach's guardrails, colloquially known in German as Abagadi, zisetyenziswa kakhulu eJamani kwaye zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Bagxininisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweemodyuli (amacandelo abo anokudibanisa nezinye iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo) (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lwendlela - VOLKMANN & ROSSBACH GmbH). Indawo yentengiso ye-V&R yomelele kumazwe athetha isiJamani kwaye angowona mthengisi uphambili ngaphakathi eYurophu nakuMbindi Mpuma. Amaxabiso ayakhuphisana phakathi kwecandelo laseYurophu elikumgangatho ophezulu; umzekelo, iisistim ze-V&R ezisemgangathweni zokukhusela zingafakwa amaxabiso jikelele €25–€40 ngemitha nganye (ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo) ngokuxhomekeke kwi-spec kunye nomthamo, obonisa umgangatho wokuvelisa waseJamani.
- IiProjekthi zeArcelorMittal (Iziseko zophuhliso) – (Iwebhusayithi: arcelormittal.com/projects) Njengenxalenye yomvelisi omkhulu wentsimbi emhlabeni, icandelo leeProjekthi zeArcelorMittal libonelela ngezisombululo zentsimbi kwiziseko ezingundoqo kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa amacandelo entsimbi guardrail. Babonelela nge-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam yokugada eveliswe kwi-EN 1317 okanye i-AASHTO specs (ehlala iveliswa kwi-Arcelor's Eastern European mills okanye ngokusebenzisana namaqabane). Ngelixa i-ArcelorMittal ingengomniki "wenkqubo" ye-brandrail, zinkulu umthengisi wentsimbi ngasemva abavelisi abaninzi guardrail kwaye ngamaxesha athile bakhonza iiprojekthi ezinkulu ngqo ngezinto guardrail. Inzuzo yabo kukudibanisa ngokuthe nkqo - ukulawula ukunikezelwa kweekhoyili zensimbi kunye nokuveliswa. Babonelele ngeeprojekthi zohola wendlela eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, naseAfrika ngemiqadi yokugada. Ukuma kwemarike kunjengomthengisi omkhulu kunye namaxabiso entsimbi ekhuphisanayo; bahlala bephumelela iithenda zokubonelela ngemathiriyeli ngobuninzi.
- Tata Steel Europe (Corus) – (Iwebhusayithi: tatasteeleurope.com) Imisebenzi yeTata Steel yaseYurophu (eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yiCorus) ivelise imiqobo yokhuseleko ezindleleni efana Vetex® inkqubo yesithintelo sentsimbi (Vetex® iimveliso zokuthintela ukhuseleko-Tata Steel UK). I-Vetex yintsapho yezithintelo ezibandakanya i-W-beam eqiniweyo kunye nenkqubo enzima kakhulu ye-medians, eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yase-UK kunye neYurophu. Izithintelo zeTata Steel zenziwe ngexabiso-injineli yokufunxa amandla aphezulu (Izithintelo zendlela | Tata Steel UK). UTata unikezele ngezi zinto ikakhulu e-UK naseNetherlands. Nangona i-Tata Steel yaziwa ngakumbi ngentsimbi ekrwada, iyunithi yayo yesithintelo sohola wendlela inesithintelo sezinto ezikhethekileyo (kubandakanya iirayili zamashishini angaphandle kwendlela (Isiporo somlindi wentsimbi – OFF ROAD – TATA STEEL – ArchiExpo)). Uphawu alukho kuyo yonke indawo njenge-Hill & Smith okanye i-Saferoad kwi-guardrails, kodwa lukhuphisana oluphawulekayo ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukwakhiwa okuhlangeneyo kunye nokubonelela (zinokuphucula imveliso yazo yentsimbi ngenzuzo yeendleko).
Abanye abakhuphisana eYurophu babandakanya Izithintelo ze-MDS (eSpain), Industrie Metallurgiche SpA (eItali), SEG Metal (eMpuma Yurophu), kunye neefemu ezininzi ezijolise kwilizwe elithile. Umzekelo, Fransi inemisebenzi yaseFransi yeArcelorMittal kunye Tertu (eyenza intsimbi+iintsika zokulinda zomthi kwiindlela ezibukekayo). ikarikuni, idla ngokudityaniswa ngokuyinxenye neYurophu, ibamba abavelisi njenge Makstil, Otoyol evelisa i-EN 1317 iitrayile zokugada kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwi-EU nakuMbindi Mpuma; Iinkampani zaseTurkey ziye zaba ngababoneleli abakhuphisanayo kwiiprojekthi zaseMpuma Yurophu. Imarike yaseYurophu ngokubanzi ifuna iinkqubo eziphawulwe nge-CE ezivavanyiweyo ngokwe-EN 1317, ngoko ke ukhuphiswano lujikeleza ukusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo. Kukho kwakhona umkhwa we ukuhlanganiswa, kunye namaqela amakhulu afana ne-Saferoad efunxa abaqulunqi abancinci basekhaya, kunye nabadlali bamazwe ngamazwe (umzekelo, u-Hill & Smith, Tata) ukwandisa ukufikelela ngentsebenziswano.
Ukuthelekiswa kwaBaboneleli abaPhambili be-Guardrail baseYurophu
| uhlobo | website | Iimveliso & neMigangatho | Amaxabiso (isalathiso) | Isabelo seMarike/Isikhundla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hill & Smith | hilllandsmithinfrastructure.com | Inkqubo yeFlexbeam W-beam, iHi-Flex (umsebenzi onzima), intambo yocingo yeBrifen – I-EN 1317 eqinisekisiweyo (i-N2, iiklasi ze-H2) | ~£100–120 m (iphaneli) e-UK; Uluhlu oluphakathi | Inkokeli yase-UK, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwehlabathi; Iminyaka engama-200+ kwishishini (Izithintelo ze-Hill kunye ne-Smith-Ikhaya - Iinkqubo zokuthintela umgwaqo omkhulu). |
| Iqela leSaferoad | saferoad.com | I-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam yokugada, iiparapets zebhulorho, iitheminali - I-EN 1317 CE-iphawulwe | Iyahluka ngokwamazwe; iibhidi zokhuphiswano | Inkokeli yePan-European (Nordics, C/E Europe); uluhlu olubanzi lwemveliso. |
| IVolkmann kunye neRossbach | volkmann-rossbach.com | Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweentsimbi zokulinda (onke amanqanaba okuqulathwa), iirayile zokunciphisa ingxolo- EN 1317 | ~ € 30 / m (umgangatho) owayesebenza eJamani | Enye yeenkokheli zemarike zaseYurophu (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lwendlela - VOLKMANN & ROSSBACH GmbH); yomelele kwi-DACH kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. |
| Iiprojekthi zeArcelorMittal | arcelormittal.com/projects | Izixhobo ze-W-beam/Thrie-beam kunye neekhoyili (AASHTO M180, EN 1317) | Amaxabiso entsimbi aphantsi ngetoni nganye; unikezelo oluninzi | Umthengisi omkhulu wentsimbi; ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi kubenzi be-guardrail. |
| Tata Steel (Vetex) | tatasteeluk.com (Vetex) | Izithintelo zokhuseleko zentsimbi ye-Vetex (i-W-beam eqinisiweyo), izithintelo ezingaphandle kwendlela - I-EN 1317, i-Arhente yeeNdlela eziPhezulu zase-UK ivunyiwe | ~£80–100 ngemitha nganye (uqikelelo) | Kuyaphawuleka kwiiprojekthi zase-UK/EU; umvelisi wensimbi odibeneyo kunye ne-niche barrier line. |
(Ixabiso le-Euro/£ lelempahla kuphela; ufakelo eYurophu ngokuqhelekileyo longeza i-€20–€50 ngemitha nganye ngokuxhomekeke kwiindleko zabasebenzi. Iindlela zokugada zaseYurophu kufuneka zithwale uphawu lwe-CE ngokwe-EN 1317, ziqinisekisa isiseko somgangatho kunye nokusebenza kuzo zonke iimpawu ezidwelisiweyo.)
Phakathi empuma
ImiGaqo yoKhangelo yasekuhlaleni
Ushishino lohola wendlela kuMbindi Mpuma luhlala lusebenza kuzo zombini IsiNgesi kunye nesiArabhu, ngoko isigama sokukhangela siyahluka ngokomsebenzisi. Kumazwe aseGulf, amagama aqhelekileyo esiNgesi aquka "umlindi", "umqobo wokuntlitheka", yaye “umqobo wokhuseleko ezindleleni.” NgesiArabhu, amabinzana afana “حاجز سلامة الطرق” (hajiz salaamat al-turuq, elithetha “umqobo wokhuseleko ezindleleni”) okanye “حاجز طريق” (umqobo wendlela) zisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwiindlela zokugada. Umzekelo, isithethi sesiArabhu sinokukhangela “حاجز معدني للطرق” (umqobo wendlela yentsimbi). Enyanisweni, amaxwebhu amaninzi okuthengwa kwempahla yengingqi ngesiNgesi, ngoko ke imiqathango efana "I-W-beam guardrail" kwaye "umqobo wokungqubana kwentsimbi" zivunyiwe kushishino. Amazwe afana ne-UAE, i-Qatar, kunye ne-Saudi Arabia anoluntu olukhulu lobunjineli abaphuma kumazwe angaphandle, ngoko ke uphendlo lwesiNgesi olufana “nababoneleli be-highway guardrail UAE” okanye “umqobo wokuphahlazeka eSaudi Arabia” luxhaphake kakhulu. ETurkey (ehlala iqukwa kuMbindi Mpuma uhlalutya), igama lendawo "Otomatik bariyer" or “ukwenza oko” (i-steel highway guardrail) ngesiTurkey, nangona iinkampani zaseTurkey zisebenzisa intengiso yesiNgesi. Ngokubanzi, amagama esiNgesi nawemveli asetyenziswa: injineli yezokwakha kuMbindi Mpuma inokusebenzisa amagama obuchule esiNgesi, ngelixa imibuzo ngokubanzi inokusebenzisa isiArabhu. Isishunqulelo "W-umtha" yona ngokwayo ayinakuguqulwa; Iincwadana zesiArabhu maxa wambi zisuka nje zithi “W شعاع حاجز” (ngokoqobo “W beam barrier”). Ke, i-SEO yengingqi kunye nophendlo lugubungela umxube: i-guardrail, isithintelo sengozi, isithintelo sendlela kunye neenguqulelo zesiArabhu zesithintelo kunye ne-guardrail.
Imfuno yeMarike kunye neeMpawu
Umbindi Mpuma usaqhubeka ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwimfuno kwiindlela zokugada koohola bendlela, eziqhutywa ziiprojekthi ezibanzi zophuhliso lwendlela kunye nogxininiso kukhuseleko lwezithuthi kuqoqosho olukhulayo (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032). Amazwe amaninzi kulo mmandla atyala imali eninzi kwiziseko ezingundoqo njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zophuhliso lwexesha elide (umzekelo, iSaudi Vision 2030, Qatar National Vision 2030, UAE's okuqhubekayo ukwandiswa kwendlela). Oohola beendlela ezintsha, oohola bendlela, kunye neendlela ezisezidolophini ziyakhiwa kuwo wonke amazwe eGulf Cooperation Council (GCC), efuna amawaka eekhilomitha eendlela ezintsha zokugada. Umzekelo, iSaudi Arabia ineyona ndlela inkulu yothungelwano lweendlela kulo mmandla (ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-73,000 zeendlela.ISicwangciso seCandelo leNdlela kunye neSicwangciso esiPhambili – iSaudi Arabia – ALG: Global)) kwaye isoloko isongeza iindlela ezintsha zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphucula esele zikhona, okukhokelela kufakelo olubalulekileyo lwesiporo kwiipaseji ezisanda kwakhiwa kunye neepaseji eziphuculweyo. Ukulungiswa kweziganeko eziphezulu (ezifana neNdebe yeHlabathi ye-2022 eQatar) kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu (i-Neom eSaudi, izixeko ezitsha, kunye nemimandla yemizi mveliso) nazo zinegalelo kwimfuno yezithintelo zokhuseleko lwanamhlanje.
Ngaphandle kolwakhiwo olutsha, ukugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa iimfuno ziyenyuka. Imozulu erhabaxa yasentlango (ubushushu obugqithisileyo, izikhukhula zamathuba athile, kunye nokuba sesichengeni seUV ephezulu) zinokunxitywa kwiintsimbi zokukhusela, kunye nomonakalo wokungqubana rhoqo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi bezithuthi kufuneka kufuneke iindawo ezitshintshiweyo. Oorhulumente nabo baphakamisa imigangatho yokhuseleko - umzekelo, ukufaka i-Thrie-beam enamacala amabini i-guardrails kwi-medians ukuthintela iingozi ze-crossover kwiindlela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, okanye ukongeza ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kwimiqobo ekhoyo. Amanye amazwe akuMbindi Mpuma sele eqalisile ukwamkela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (AASHTO M180 okanye EN 1317) ngokusesikweni, okuthetha ukuba banokuyiphucula imiqobo emidala ekumgangatho ophantsi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ubukhulu becala uMbindi Mpuma uxhomekeke kuwo ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle okanye ukwenziwa kwemveliso esekwe kweli lizwe yezokhuseleko. Kukho imveliso yasekhaya encinci kwamanye amazwe (ngaphandle kokuphawulekayo kwiGulf). Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zasekhaya ezenziwe ngentsimbi ziye zanyuka: e-UAE, eSaudi Arabia, naseTurkey, abavelisi bavelisa iindlela zokugada ezihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukubonelela iiprojekthi zasekhaya kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Ukuhamba korhwebo kubonisa ukuba Turkey kunye China ngabathengisi bangaphandle abakhulu beetrayile zokugada kummandla obanzi woMbindi Mpuma, befumana inzuzo yeendleko. Umzekelo, iirayili ezenziwe eTurkey zisetyenzisiwe kwiiprojekthi zase-Iraq naseSaudi, kwaye ababoneleli baseTshayina bahlala bebhida kwiithenda zase-Afrika naseMbindi Mpuma ezibonelela ngobonelelo oluninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Sekunjalo, amazwe e-GCC athanda abavelisi basekhaya okanye bengingqi ye-Gulf ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthotyelwa (ingakumbi ukususela ekuthumeleni imiqadi emide yentsimbi kunokuba yindleko). Kwibhalansi, imakethi ye-Guardrail yoMbindi Mpuma i likhula, ephenjelelwa ziziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha kunye nokuphuculwa kokhuseleko, kunye nomxube wemveliso yasekhaya kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezihlangabezana nemfuno.
Abakhuphisana abakhulu
Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nababoneleli be-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam guardrails kuMbindi Mpuma ziquka indibaniselwano abavelisi be-GCC basekhaya, Iinkampani zaseTurkey, yaye iifemu zamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa abasasazi:
- Ikhonkco Middle East Ltd (LME) - (Iwebhusayithi: linkmiddleeast.com) Ngokusekwe kwi-UAE, i-Link Middle East ngumvelisi wengingqi obalaseleyo wocingo kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela iindlela. Bavelisa iindlela zokugada uhola wendlela zithobela zombini imigangatho ye-AASHTO M180 kunye ne-EN 1317, kunye nawo onke amacandelo anxulumeneyo (izithuba, iibhloko ze-spacer, amacandelo esiphelo) (Ababoneleli bakaLoliwe-uQhagamshelwano kuMbindi Mpuma-IiKontraka zocingo, ababoneleli beGabions, iGabions Steel Wire, iPerimeter Fencing e-UAE, iiGabions, iiNcingo, iiCabling e-UAE.). Oku kuthotyelwa kabini kubavumela ukuba bakhonze iiprojekthi ezilandela i-specs yaseMelika okanye yaseYurophu-imeko eqhelekileyo kuMbindi Mpuma. I-LME ibonelele ngoohola beendlela ezinkulu ze-UAE kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe e-GCC. Bagxininisa ukuba ii-guardrails zabo zivavanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe (Ababoneleli bakaLoliwe-uQhagamshelwano kuMbindi Mpuma-IiKontraka zocingo, ababoneleli beGabions, iGabions Steel Wire, iPerimeter Fencing e-UAE, iiGabions, iiNcingo, iiCabling e-UAE.). Unxulumaniso lwesiseko soveliso saseMbindi Mpuma eDubai sithetha amaxesha amafutshane okukhokela kwiGulf. Amaxabiso ayakhuphisana kummandla; umzekelo, banokunikezela ~$600–$800 ngetoni nganye of guardrail (ex-imisebenzi) ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso entsimbi, nto leyo eguqulela ngokurhabaxa malunga $10–$20 imitha nganye W-beam eqhelekileyo (ngaphandle impahla kunye nofakelo). Babambe isikhundla esomeleleyo kwi-UAE kwaye banophawu oluthembekileyo lomgangatho kwiiprojekthi zasekhaya.
- I-DANA Steel (iQela leDANA) - (Iwebhusayithi: danagroups.com) Umenzi oqinisekisiweyo we-ISO 9001 kwi-UAE, iDANA Steel ivelisa I-W-beam (amaza amabini) iisistim zokugada ezigutyungelweyo kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuyo yonke i-GCC nangaphaya (GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA - Ukongeza ixabiso kwi-Oli kunye neNsimbi). Izibonda ze-DANA zenziwe ngentsimbi ethambileyo (amabanga afana ne-S275JR) kunye ne-hot-dip galvanized ukukhusela umhlwa. Banikezela ngobude obusebenzayo obusemgangathweni (3.2m, 3.81m, 4m, njl.) kunye nobukhulu obususela kwi-2.7-3.5 mm, ehambelana nemigangatho yokhuselo ye-AASHTO yoKlasi A/B (GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA - Ukongeza ixabiso kwi-Oli kunye neNsimbi). I-DANA ibonelela ngenkqubo epheleleyo kubandakanya izithuba zetsimbi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-C-channel 150 × 75 mm) kunye ne-hardware. Baye banikezela ezininzi iiprojekthi ezibalaseleyo kuMbindi Mpuma (GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA - Ukongeza ixabiso kwi-Oli kunye neNsimbi), iifektri eziphucula imeko-bume e-UAE. Amaxabiso avela kwi-DANA ngokuqhelekileyo asekelwe kwi-quote; njengesikhokelo, bakhankanya ukusebenzisa i-premium galvanized steel evela kubaboneleli abathembekileyo kwaye kugxilwe kumgangatho ngaphezulu kwexabiso elisezantsi (UMvelisi oPhezulu weMetal Beam Crash Barrier Menzi kunye noMboneleli-Utkarsh India). I-DANA iye yakhawuleza yaba ngumdlali okhuphisana naye kwi-marketrail ye-GCC ngenxa yommandla wayo wokuvelisa kunye nokuthengisa okusebenzayo.
- I-Arabian Fence & Guardrail (umz., Aravali / Okunye) – Iinkampani ezininzi, ezifana Aravali Fence LLC eDubai, jonga kwi ukhuseleko-oluqikelelwe ngoonogada kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeprojekthi eqhelekileyo (UMboneleli woKhuseleko lweZikhuseli eDubai, e-Abu Dhabi, e-UAE | Aravali Fence). Ezi mizi-mveliso zihlala zizihlumelo okanye amahlakani eenkampani zaseIndiya (uAravali ngowaseIndiya ekuqaleni) kwaye enza imiqadi yokugada iW ekuhlaleni. Basebenzisa amagama angundoqo afana "nezithintelo zokuphazamiseka" kwaye bakhonza zombini iikontraka zokwakha kunye nabaxhasi bakarhulumente. Ngelixa ayinkulu njenge-LME okanye i-DANA, iinkampani ezinjalo zigcwalisa iimfuno ze-niche kunye neeodolo ezincinci. Iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana nemilinganiselo efunekayo kwaye bahlala befakela ngokunjalo. Amaxabiso kunye nesabelo semarike kwezi zingqale kwiprojekthi; bahlala bekhuphisana ngokufumana abasebenzi ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye izixhobo ezivela eIndiya.
- Abavelisi baseTurkey (umz., Körfez, Günsoy, Makim) -I-Turkey inomzi-mveliso wentsimbi owomeleleyo kunye nabavelisi abaninzi be-guardrail abathumela ngaphandle ngokusebenzayo kuMbindi Mpuma. Iinkampani ezifana I-Körfez Transport (KÖRFZ), Eksen, Makim, kunye neOtoyol ukuvelisa i-guardrails kwi-EN 1317 kwaye ihlala ibhida kwiiprojekthi zaseMbindi Mpuma (nokuba ngqo okanye ngeekontraki). Iinqwelo zokugada zaseTurkey ziyaziwa ngokuba isebenza kakuhle emalini kwaye ihlangabezane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, izenza zibe nomtsalane kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu kuMbindi Mpuma ezifuna ukulingana komgangatho kunye nexabiso. Umzekelo, umthengisi waseTurkey unokubonelela nge-thrie-beam guardrail ngexabiso eliphantsi kunabavelisi be-Gulf basekhaya, nasemva kokuthunyelwa ngenqanawa. Ukusondela kweTurkey kuvumela ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo ngolwandle ukuya kumazibuko akulo mmandla. Ngenxa yoko, iibrendi zaseTurkey zikhusele inxenye ephawulekayo yobonelelo lokhuseleko lweeprojekthi kwiindawo ezifana ne-Iraq, Jordan, kunye noMntla Afrika. Abanakukwazi "igama lendlu" kwi-GCC, kodwa bayaqatshelwa kwishishini lokubonelela ngeenkqubo zokuthintela intsimbi kwiindlela ezininzi.
- Ababoneleli behlabathi (beGlobal). – Iinkampani Global ezifana Valtir/Bathathu Emnye kwaye Hill & Smith kananjalo babe nobukho ngokusebenzisa abasasazi kuMbindi Mpuma. Ngokomzekelo, iimveliso zeTrinity Highway (ii-terminals zokuphela, izithintelo zeentambo) zithengiswa kuMbindi Mpuma, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iipaneli zabo zokugada zingeniswa kwiiprojekthi ezixhaswa yi-US okanye imigangatho ye-ARAMCO eSaudi. Ingal (i-brand yase-Australia phantsi kweValmont) ibonelele ngeenkqubo zayo zokulinda zobunikazi kwezinye iiprojekthi zoMbindi Mpuma ngokunjalo. Ezi nkampani zihlala zisebenza ngeearhente zalapha ekhaya, zibonelela ngeemveliso zeprimiyamu (kaninzi kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezithintelo ezinogcino oluphezulu okanye iikhushini zokuwa). Isabelo sabo semarike sincinci xa sithelekisa nabavelisi basekhaya/bengingqi bemigangatho yokugada eqhelekileyo, kodwa badlala indima ingakumbi xa iprojekthi ichaza inkqubo ethile yobunini.
Kufanelekile ukuba uyiphawule loo nto ISaudi Arabia kunye namanye amazwe e-GCC bebewukhuthaza umxholo wasekuhlaleni. ESaudi, iinkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi (umz., iSaudi Steel Pipe or Zamil Steel) banamandla okuvelisa i-guardrail ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye kukho iingxelo zokwenziwa kwendawo yeeprojekthi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lokubonelela nge-guardrail yaseSaudi lusaphuma ngaphandle okanye kwindibaniselwano. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iiprojekthi zaseSaudi zisetyenzisiwe Iindlela zokugada ezenziwe eTshayina ngenxa yamaxabiso akhuphisanayo (iifemu zaseTshayina zihlala zibanga umthamo omkhulu wokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nomenzi wentengiso waseTshayina I-150,000 MT / umthamo wonyaka kunye ne-50% yesabelo sokuthumela ngaphandle (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail) (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail)). Imarike yoMbindi Mpuma ngoko ibona a umxube wemithombo, kodwa abakhuphisana abaphambili abadweliswe ngasentla baphakathi kwabo banobukho obufanayo bengingqi.
Ukuthelekiswa kwaBanikezeli be-Guardrail abaPhambili baseMpuma
| Uphawu/Inkampani | Ilizwe elisisiseko (iMarike ePhambili) | IiMveliso kunye neeNgcaciso | Uluhlu lwamaxabiso (izinto) | Isikhundla seMarike kunye neSabelo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ikhonkco kuMbindi Mpuma | I-UAE (GCC ububanzi) | I-W-beam & Thrie-beam guardrails (AASHTO M180 & EN 1317 iyahambelana); izincedisi ngokupheleleyo | ~$700/toni (≈$15/m) ex-isebenza eqhelekileyo | Umvelisi ophambili we-GCC; ibonelela ngeeprojekthi ezinkulu ze-UAE/Gulf (umgangatho ophezulu, uvavanyiwe) |
| I-DANA Steel | I-UAE (Ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-GCC/Afrika) | Iinkqubo ze-W-beam guardrail, ezenziwe ngamagalvanized (2.7-3.5 mm, ubude obahlukeneyo) ([GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA – Ukongeza iXabiso kwi-Oli & Steel]; izithuba & hardware | Isekwe kucatshulo; amaxabiso engingqi akhuphisanayo |
| Aravali Fence LLC (kwaye okufanayo) | I-UAE (Dubai) | Izithintelo zokuwa kunye neetrayisi ezenziwe ngokwesiko (ukuya kwiprojekthi ethile, idla ngokuba yi-AASHTO) | Iphantsi kancinci (ixhaphakile kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwaseIndiya) | Umthengisi we-Niche / umfaki kwi-UAE; ibonelela ngeemfuno zesiko kunye nemisebenzi emincinci |
| Abathengisi bangaphandle baseTurkey (umz., Körfez) | I-Turkey (ME ithunyelwa ngaphandle) | I-EN 1317-eqinisekisiweyo ye-W-beam, iinkqubo ze-Thrie-beam; rhoqo kunye ne-CE kunye neziqinisekiso ze-ASTM | Umboneleli ngexabiso eliphantsi; <$600/toni kunokwenzeka FOB Turkey | Umthengisi omkhulu kuMbindi Mpuma; isabelo esibalulekileyo kwi-non-GCC ME (Iraq, Levant) kunye nokhuphiswano kwiithenda ze-GCC |
| Iimveliso zehlabathi (Valtir, Ingal) | I-USA/Aus (nge-reps yendawo) | Iindlela zokugada eziphakamileyo, iitheminali (i-MASH-ivavanyiwe, imigangatho ye-ASTM/AASHTO) | Amaxabiso ePremium (engeniswe ngaphandle) | Ubukho obuncinci kodwa obubonakalayo kwisiphelo esiphezulu okanye kwizicelo ezizodwa (iiprojekthi ezikhethiweyo) |
(Amaxabiso aqikelelwa. Iiprojekthi ezikuMbindi Mpuma nazo zingenisa iimali zokuthumela ngenqanawa kunye nokungenisa elizweni. Iikhontrakthi ezininzi zijika - kubandakanywa nofakelo - apho iinzuzo zeendleko zabasebenzi basekuhlaleni zenza iindleko ezifakiweyo ziphelele. Imarike ye-guardrail kuMbindi Mpuma yahlulahlulwe ngandlel’ ithile: akukho mniki mnye ulawula ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abenzi basekhaya be-UAE kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseTurkey/eAsia kunye zigubungela inxalenye enkulu yemfuno.)
amazantsi Emelika
ImiGaqo yoKhangelo yasekuhlaleni
EMzantsi Melika, isigama sesiSpanish nesiPhuthukezi sisetyenziswa ikakhulu, ecaleni kwamagama athile obuchule besiNgesi kwiimeko zamazwe ngamazwe. Kumazwe athetha iSpanish (uninzi lweLatin America), amagama aqhelekileyo abandakanya "guardarraíl" (ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka umzila kaloliwe) Kunye "barrera de contención" (umqobo wothintelo) kwiireyile zohola wendlela. Amanye amagama eSpanish "defensa metálica" (umlindi wesinyithi), okanye ngokulula "Ibhokisi ye-barrera de seguridad vial." IColloquial Chilean okanye iArgentina Spanish inokusebenzisa "uloliwe wonogada" ngokunjalo, kunikwe impembelelo yesiNgesi, okanye nokuba "quitamiedos" (njengaseSpeyin) kwintetho engacwangciswanga. Kwi Brazil, esithetha isiPhuthukezi, amagama aqhelekileyo "defensa metálica" (efana neSpanish) okanye "Umlindi wesitimela e-rodovia." IsiPhuthukezi saseBrazil sisoloko sisebenzisa igama lesiNgesi elithi “guard-rail” okanye “guardrail” (elipela ekuhlaleni njenge. kuhola wendlela ngaphandle kweqhagamshela) kwiimeko zobunjineli. Umzekelo, i-spec yaseBrazil inokuyibiza "defensa metálica tipo flexível" (isithintelo sesinyithi esiguquguqukayo) kodwa uluntu ngokubanzi kunye neekontraka zithi "guardrail". Uphando lweSpanish kuMzantsi Merika luhlala lusetyenziswa "guardarraíl carretera" or "barrera de contención autopista" ukufumana ababoneleli. Kukhangelo lwesiPhuthukezi, umntu unokubona "barreira de segurança viária" or "unogada kaloliwe rodoviário." Ngokubanzi, igama leSpanish guardraíl kunye nesiPhuthukezi kuhola wendlela ziqondwa ngokubanzi. Abasebenzisi bakwakhangela ngokwemigangatho yendawo okanye iziteketiso; umz., kwamanye amazwe i-guardrail ithiywe ngegama "ibhendi" or "flex beam" (ngokukodwa ukuba iphenjelelwa yi-brand yaseMelika esebenzisa "i-Flexbeam" kwintengiso). Kodwa ngokubanzi, IsiSpanish: “guardarraíl/barrera de contención” kwaye IsiPhuthukezi: "guardrail/barreira de segurança" Ngamagama angundoqo okuya kuwo.
Imfuno yeMarike kunye neeMpawu
Imfuno yoMzantsi Melika yeetrayile zoohola bendlela iyahluka ngokwamazwe, ihambelana namanqanaba ophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko ezindleleni. Ummandla jikelele uyabona ukukhula okuphakathi kwimfuno yokugada njengoko uqoqosho lutyala imali kwiziseko zophuhliso lwezothutho (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032), nangona amazinga okukhula esemva kweAsia okanye kuMbindi Mpuma. Imiba ephambili ibandakanya:
- Utyalo-mali lweziseko zophuhliso: Uqoqosho olukhulu njenge Brazil benza utyalo-mali koohola bendlela ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala. Urhulumente waseBrazil, umzekelo, uye wathandana I-300 yeebhiliyoni zee-reais (~ $ 62 yebhiliyoni) kutyalo-mali lwendlela yabucala ngo-2026 (Iinkundla zaseBrazil zingaphaya kwe-60 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kutyalo-mali koohola bendlela ngo-2026), okubandakanya iindlela ezirhafelwayo ezintsha kunye nophuculo - konke kufuna imiqobo yokhuseleko. Imvume yohola wendlela emitsha (umzekelo, eSão Paulo, eMinas Gerais) iquka ukufakela iimayile zeerayile kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nokulungisa kwakhona iindlela ezindala ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yale mihla. Amanye amazwe, njengaye eColombia, ePeru naseChile, ezixhaswa ziibhanki zophuhliso (IDB, iBhanki yeHlabathi), ziphucula iipaseji ezibalulekileyo (umzekelo, oohola bendlela bentaba, iinxalenye zePan-American Highway) kwaye bongeza iirayili apho kungekho nanye okanye ithatha indawo endala, engekho mgangathweni (uninzi lweendlela zasemaphandleni zaseLatin America ngokwembali zazingenazo iindawo zokugada, ngoko ke kukho imfuno yepent-up njengoko ukhuseleko luba yinto ephambili).
- Ukufudukela ezidolophini kunye noKhuseleko ezindleleni: Ukukhula kweemoto eMzantsi Melika ngelishwa kuza namazinga aphezulu eengozi zendlela. Oorhulumente baya bejolisa ngakumbi kukhuseleko ezindleleni, okubandakanya ukufakela iintsimbi zokugada kumagophe ayingozi, iindlela zokuvala iibhulorho, kunye nezahluli eziphakathi. Iinkqubo kumazwe afana EArgentina naseColombia ukunciphisa ukubulawa kwabantu ezindleleni (Vision Cero kwezinye izixeko, njl. njl.) kudla ngokudwelisa ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela njengento yokwenza. Oku kukhokelela kwiiprojekthi zobuyiselo-mali - umz., ukufakela imiqobo ye-thrie-beam kwimidibaniso yeendlela zikaloliwe ezikhawulezayo zasezidolophini okanye ukongeza iintsimbi ze-W-beam ecaleni kweminqantsa kwiindlela ezindala.
- ULondolozo kunye neMozulu: Kweminye imimandla, iindawo zokugada kufuneka zitshintshwe ngenxa ye-corrosion (umoya wetyuwa elunxwemeni kwiindawo ezifana ne-Peru yonxweme okanye i-Chile inokugqwala intsimbi) okanye umonakalo. Imozulu yaseMzantsi Melika eyahluka-hlukeneyo - ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-Andean ezine-UV egqithisileyo ukuya kwimvula enkulu yase-Amazon - kuthetha ukuba ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile. Amazwe anohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lolondolozo oluzinzileyo (njengeChile) aneeshedyuli ezithe gqolo zokutshintsha isiporo, esigcina imfuno yeeyunithi ezintsha ngonyaka.
Unikezelo eMzantsi Melika luxube imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokungenisa elizweni. IBrazil, kunye neshishini layo elibalulekileyo lentsimbi, inabavelisi abambalwa basekhaya abavelisa iirayile zokugada ukuze zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi (ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngenethiwekhi enkulu). Amazwe afana Argentina kwaye Kholambiya babe nemveliso yomlinganiselo omncinci okanye bahlanganise amacandelo asuka kumazwe angaphandle. Rhoqo, impahla evela eTshayina okanye kwenye indawo vala izikhewu, ngakumbi kumazwe amancinci okanye xa amaxabiso ebaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, iinkampani zaseTshayina zithumele izixa ezikhulu zokhuseleko kuMzantsi Melika, zisebenzisa ixabiso eliphantsi - uninzi lweethenda zokuthenga zaseLatin America zibona iibhidi zaseTshayina ezibonelela ngeemveliso ezidibana ne-AASHTO okanye imigangatho yasekhaya ngamaxabiso anomtsalane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imigangatho eMzantsi Melika ihlala ivela kwi-US okanye izithethe zaseYurophu. Amazwe amaninzi alandela i AASHTO M180 spec for guardrails (ngenxa yempembelelo US kubunjineli Latin American). Abanye, ngakumbi abo banempembelelo yaseYurophu okanye inkxaso-mali, banokusebenzisa EN 1317 Ukuhlelwa. Oku kuchaphazela imfuno yokuba ngamanye amaxesha amanqanaba aphezulu (angqindilili, amandla aphezulu) afunelwa iiprojekthi ezithile. Lilonke, imfuno yentengiso eMzantsi Melika i kwindlela yokunyuka kodwa hayi njengokuqhushumba njengakwimimandla ephantsi kolwakhiwo olutsha lwenethiwekhi. Iqhutywa yingxubevange yeemayile zeendlela ezintsha ezidityanisiweyo (umzekelo, ukwandiswa koohola beendlela bamazwe ngamazwe okanye iindlela ezintsha ezirhafelwayo) kunye notyhalo lokuphucula ukhuseleko kwiindlela ezikhoyo.
Abakhuphisana abakhulu
Imarike ye-Guardrail yaseMzantsi Melika idibanisa indibaniselwano abavelisi basekhaya kumazwe amakhulu kwaye ababoneleli bamazwe ngamazwe (ngokuphuma kwamanye amazwe okanye kumasebe asekuhlaleni). Amanqaku aphambili okhuphiswano abandakanya:
- I-Segurvia (eBrazil) – (Iwebhusayithi: segurvia.com.br) I-Segurvia yinkampani yaseBrazil eyi inkokeli kwimiqobo yokhuseleko ezindleleni eBrazil (Ínicio – Segurvia). Bagxila ngakumbi kwizithintelo zekhonkrithi esele zibekiwe (uhlobo lwaseNew Jersey) njengoko kubonisiwe yimigca yemveliso (Ínicio – Segurvia), kodwa nabo babandakanyeka kwii-guardrails zetsimbi (ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukukhupha okanye ukusebenzisana kumacandelo esinyithi). Ukuvelela kweSegurvia kwimarike yomqobo yaseBrazil kuthetha ukuba xa iintsimbi zokugada zifuneka, zinokunxibelelanisa ukubonelela / ukufakwa. Baqhayisa ngeziqinisekiso ezinjengamakhulu eekhilomitha ezithintelo ezifakwe kwiindlela ezininzi eBrazil (Ínicio – Segurvia). Ngelixa i-Segurvia ngokwayo ingenakwenza uloliwe we-W-beam ukusuka kwintsimbi ekrwada, isisifakeli esikhulu kwaye ke ngoko ikhuphisana kwiibhidi, ifuna i-guardrails evela kumaqabane entsimbi. Ukuma kwemarike: yeyona ibalaseleyo kwimarike yasekhaya yaseBrazil kwizithintelo zohola wendlela, ekunokwenzeka ukuba uphathe a isabelo esikhulu sofakelo olutsha lwesithintelo sohola wendlela (nokuba yintsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi) eBrazil.
- Talleres y Aceros SA (TyASA) -Isekwe eMexico kodwa inceda iLatin America, iTyASA (okanye iinkampani ezifanayo njenge Grupo Collado eMexico) velisa AASHTO-spec guardrails ezithunyelwa kwimimandla ekufutshane. IMexico, nangona iseMntla Melika, ihlala ibonelela ngemfuno yeLatin America ngenxa yobudlelwane bendawo kunye norhwebo. I-TyASA inomatshini omkhulu wentsimbi kwaye yenza iiphaneli ze-W-beam kunye nezithuba ezenziwe ngamagalvanized, ukubonelela ngeeprojekthi kuMbindi noMzantsi Melika. Umzekelo, baye banikezela ngokhuseleko lweeprojekthi eColombia nasePeru. Amaxabiso avela kubathengisi baseMexico anokuba luncedo ngenxa ye-NAFTA/USMCA yokuhamba kwentsimbi. I-TyaSA's guardrails ihlangabezana nemigangatho yase-US kwaye ibekwe njengomthengisi osemgangathweni. Ngelixa bengengabo "bendawo" eMzantsi Melika, bakhuphisana bangaphandle abaqaphelekayo abasebenzela imarike yaseLatin.
- iiNkampani zeNsimbi zalapha (eBrazil naseArgentina) – Iinkampani ezifana Gerdau or Usiminas eBrazil, kwaye mhlawumbi Acindar (ArcelorMittal) e-Argentina, velisa intsimbi enokuthi yenziwe ibe yindawo yokulinda. EBrazil, I-Industrias Metálicas kunye nabanye benza imiqadi yokugada ukubonelela amasebe ohola wendlela karhulumente. Umzekelo, iBrazil ngokwembali yayinayo i-“Armco Staco” eyayivelisa iimveliso zentsimbi (igama elithi “Armco” lalikho ngokwembali nakushishino lwaseBrazil). Abavelisi basekhaya bahlala bebonelela ngeeprojekthi zangaphakathi elizweni ngokukhethayo. Imarike yaseBrazil ngoko inento yokuzithemba; umntu unokuqikelela ukuba abavelisi baseBrazil babambe uninzi lwesabelo sasekhaya. E-Argentina naseChile, ubugcisa obuthile buyinto yasekhaya kodwa hayi ngokwezinga elikhulu; kungoko bathembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kweeprojekthi ezinkulu.
- Abathengisi bangaphandle baseTshayina -Inani leenkampani zaseTshayina ziye zangena ngokuthumela ngaphandle iindawo zokugada eMzantsi Melika. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenza ngeenkampani zokurhweba okanye iibhidi ezithe ngqo kwiithenda zamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, umntu unokufumana unikezelo kwi-Alibaba okanye ngeethenda apho iifemu zaseTshayina zicaphula metal guardrails pa $10–$20 ngonyawo ngalunye Uluhlu (Ingaba yimalini iNdlela yokuGcina iNdlela yokuGcina iZinto? Isikhokelo esipheleleyo), ukuthoba amaxabiso asekuhlaleni. Abanye abarhwebi abaziwayo (njengoko bepapashiwe) baquka HuaAn Iindawo zokukhusela, Shandong Zhonghua Metal, njl., ebonelela ngentlanganiso kaloliwe i-ASTM A123 yokufaka igalvanizing kunye ne-AASHTO M180 Iklasi A/B. Ababoneleli baseTshayina baye banikezela ngemithamo emikhulu yeeprojekthi zendlela kumazwe anje I-Ecuador, iBolivia kunye nePeru, apho imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ithanda ukufunwa kweendleko eziphantsi. Isabelo sabo semakethi eMzantsi Melika siyakhula kwicandelo lokugada imveliso, nangona ulungiselelo kunye nemisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni inokuba ngumba osisithintelo.
- Iimveliso zikaTrinity zikaNdlela (Valtir) -UBathathu Emnye (US) ngokwembali wayenobukho bemveliso EMexico (eMonterrey naseTlaxcala) kwaye usasaze iimveliso kwiLatin America. Umzekelo, iTrinity's ET-Plus kunye nezinye iitheminali zokuphela zisetyenziswe eMexico naseBrazil. I-Trinity/Valtir ngamanye amaxesha ibonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngokhuseleko kwiiprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali yi-US okanye ithengisa ngeefemu zokwakha zasekhaya. Ngelixa uBathathu Emnye esenokungabi nawo umzi-mveliso eMzantsi Merika, imisebenzi yabo yaseMntla Merika (kwaye mhlawumbi nentsebenziswano) ibavumela ukuba bakhuphisane kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Xa kujongwa umlinganiselo wabo wehlabathi lonke, uBathathu Emnye wamkelwa kunye nolwabo “Uhola weNtathu” ii-brand guardrails (okanye ii-generic rails plus proprietary terminals) zineqhekeza lemarike, ingakumbi kumazwe asondelelene nemigangatho yase-US.
Ukongezelela, ababoneleli baseYurophu ngamanye amaxesha bathathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zaseMzantsi Melika, ngakumbi ezo zixhaswa ngemali yimali yaseYurophu. Umzekelo, IHierros y Aplainados yaseSpain or IMarcegaglia yaseItali inokukhuphela ngaphandle iindawo zokugada zemisebenzi ethile. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu zokuthumela kunye namaxesha amade okukhokelela ngokubanzi kwenza imithombo yendawo okanye yengingqi ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi.
Isishwankathelo, akukho nkampani enye ilawula eMzantsi Melika; yintsimi yokhuphiswano nge Abavelisi baseBrazil nabaseMexico ejongene neemfuno zasekhaya nezengingqi, kunye Ababoneleli baseTshayina nabamazwe ngamazwe ukhuphiswano lokutofa. Singayichaza iBrazil njengezinto eziziboneleleyo ubukhulu becala (kunye neenkampani ezinjengeSegurvia, iArmco Staco ngokwembali, njl.), Amazwe aseAndean kunye neemarike ezincinci njengoko zixhomekeke kukungenisa, kunye neendawo ezinje Chile ukuba nebhalansi (i-Chile ihlala ithenga ngee-arhente zasekuhlaleni ezinokungenisa kumazwe amaninzi). Imarike nayo iphantsi kwexabiso, yiyo loo nto izinto ezithengwayo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle ezivela kubavelisi bexabiso eliphantsi zinefuthe.
Ukuthelekiswa kwaBanikezeli be-Key South America Guardrail
| Uphawu / uMboneleli | Ilizwe elisisiseko | Iimveliso & neMigangatho | Amaxabiso (malunga.) | Indima yeMarike / Yabelana |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Segurvia (Brazil) | Brazil (yasekhaya) | Izithintelo zekhonkrithi zangaphambili kunye neentsimbi zokukhusela (i-EN 1317 iyahambelana) (Ínicio – Segurvia) | Uluhlu oluphakathi ekuhlaleni (amaxabiso entsimbi yaseBrazil) | YaseBrazil inkokeli yentengiso kwimiqobo yendlela (Ínicio – Segurvia); ifakela amakhulu eekhilomitha (eyongamele kwikhonkrithi, ikwaphatha intsimbi) |
| I-TyASA / Abathengisi bangaphandle baseMexico | Mexico (LATAM ukuthumela ngaphandle) | Umqa we-W owenziwe ngesinyithi kunye neentsimbi zokugada ze-Thrie-beam (i-AASHTO M180 spec) | Ukhuphiswano (intsimbi ye-NAFTA) - umz ~ $ 700 / ton | Umthengisi omkhulu kwiLatin America evela eMexico; ibaluleke kakhulu kuMbindi Merika nakwiindawo zaseS. America |
| Indawo yentsimbi yentsimbi (eBrazil) | Brazil (ezahlukeneyo) | W-beam guardrails nge-DNIT nganye (i-Brazil spec, efana ne-AASHTO) | Ixabiso lemarike yasekuhlaleni (ikhuselwe ngamaxabiso) | Isabelo esikhulu ngokudityanisiweyo sobonelelo lwaseBrazil lwe-guardrail; bakhonze iiprojekthi zikahola welizwe kunye norhulumente |
| Abavelisi baseTshayina | iTshayina (ngaphandle) | Izixhobo ze-W-beam/Thrie-beam (imigangatho ye-ASTM/EN, ene-hardware) | Phantsi – rhoqo elona xabiso lisezantsi (umzekelo $10–15/ft ekrwada) (Ingaba yimalini iNdlela yokuGcina iNdlela yokuGcina iZinto? Isikhokelo esipheleleyo) | Isabelo esikhulayo kwiiprojekthi ezixabisa ixabiso (ingakumbi amazwe amancinci kunye neeprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali ngaphandle) |
| Uhola weNtathu (Valtir) | I-USA/Mexico (ihlabathi jikelele) | Iiphaneli ze-Guardrail, ii-terminals zokuphela (i-MASH, i-NCHRP 350 iyahambelana) | Ngaphezulu komndilili (kwizinto zobunini) | Nikeza ngokusebenzisa abasasazi; isetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo ze-int'l (i-brand eyaziwayo, isabelo esiphakathi se-LATAM) |
(Ukuthengwa kwe-guardrail yaseMzantsi Melika kudla ngokudlula kwiikontraka zokwakha. Ezi kontraka ziphuma kwaba baboneleli bangasentla ngokusekelwe kwiindleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo. Ngaloo ndlela, isabelo semarike sinokuqhekeka. IBrazil kuphela yenza inxenye enkulu yemfuno yengingqi kwaye inothungelwano lonikezelo lwangaphakathi, ngelixa amazwe ethanda Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina bona umxube wokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nemveliso yasekhaya enyiniweyo. Lilonke, ukhuphiswano luqhutywa ziindleko, ezinomgangatho oqinisekisiweyo njengemfuno enikiweyo.)
Asia Pacific
ImiGaqo yoKhangelo yasekuhlaleni
Ummandla we-Asia Pacific ubandakanya iilwimi ezininzi kunye neemarike, ngoko ke amagama okukhangela kwiindlela zokugada uhola wendlela ahluka ngokubanzi:
- iTshayina: NgesiTshayina, iW-beam guardrail ibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo “波形护栏” (bōxíng hùlán, elithetha “umzila wokulinda omile okwemaza”) okanye “波形梁护栏” (“wave-beam guardrail). Iinjineli zaseTshayina zikwasebenzisa “高速公路护栏” (uhola wendlela) ekukhangelweni. Umzekelo, umntu waseTshayina unokukhangela “波形护栏厂家” (umenzi werayile yamaza) xa ukhangela. Igama elithile “护栏板” (iphaneli yonogada) isetyenziselwa iintsimbi zentsimbi ngokwazo (高速公路护栏板/波形梁钢护栏 – 型钢). I-Thrie-beam guardrails inokuchazwa njenge “三波护栏” (i-guardrail yamaza amathathu) ngesiTshayina.
- Indiya : IsiNgesi sixhaphakile kwiinkalo zobugcisa, ngoko ke amagama afana "umqobo wokungqubana kwentsimbi" zisemgangathweni. Ngapha koko, iNkongolo yeeNdlela zaseIndiya kunye noMphathiswa wezoThutho eziNdleleni basebenzisa eli gama “Isithintelo seMetal Beam Crash (MBCB)” kwi W-beam guardrails kwiinkcukacha. Abasebenzisi baseIndiya bakhangela "ababoneleli bemiqobo yokuphazamiseka", "Isithintelo sengozi ye-W-beam", okanye nje "i-Guardrail India." KwisiHindi okanye kwezinye iilwimi zalapha, akukho gama lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi; IsiNgesi "isithintelo sokuphahlazeka" okanye "umlindi" siqhele ukuqondwa.
- Japhan: Ilizwi "ガードレール" (gādorēru, inguqulelo ye guardrail) ligama eliqhelekileyo. I-thrie-beam inokubizwa "3波ガードレール" (I-3-wave guardrail). Uphendlo lwaseJapan lunokuba "ガードレールメーカー" (umenzi wonogada).
- Korea: Isebenzisa ngokufanayo “가드레일” (gadeureil ukusuka kwi-guardrail). Uphendlo lungabandakanya “도로 안전 가드레일” (umporo wokhuseleko ezindleleni).
- mpuma Asia: Kumazwe afana Indoneshiya kwaye Maleyishiya, amagama alapha akhona (isi-Indonesian: "pagar pengaman jalan raya", isiMalaysian: "pengadang jalan"), kodwa kaninzi IsiNgesi "guardrail" okanye "umqobo wendlela" isetyenziswa kwishishini. Kwi Thayilendi , igama elithile I-“ราวกันอันตราย” (uloliwe wokhuseleko ezindleleni) usetyenziswa kwiimbekiselo zobugcisa, kodwa ababoneleli abaninzi basebenzisa amagama esiNgesi.
- Australia / eNew Zealand: Kusetyenziswa isiNgesi; amagama aqhelekileyo "umlindi", "I-W-beam guardrail", okanye nje "umqobo wokhuseleko." I-Australia ikwasebenzisa eli gama "Ucingo lokulinda" kwimigangatho (imigangatho ye-AS/NZS ibhekisa kwi-W-beam guardrail njengocingo lokulinda). Igama lebrand "Armco" isetyenziswa ngokungacwangciswanga eOstreliya ngokunjalo kwiintsimbi zokulinda. Ke umntu waseOstreliya unokukhangela "Ababoneleli bakaloliwe beArmco" or "W-beam guardrail AS1906".
Kuyo yonke iAsia Pacific, isiNgesi sisebenza njengelingua franca yobunjineli, ngoko ke amagama anje "I-W-beam guardrail," "umqobo wokuphahlazeka," kwaye "umqobo wokhuseleko" iya kuvela kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, amagama olwimi lwasekhaya (isiTshayina, isiJapan, njl.) abaluleke ngokufanayo kukhangelo lwasekhaya. Umzekelo, umbuzo wokuba “uhola wendlela” ngesiTshayina ngokuqinisekileyo uya kusebenzisa oonobumba baseTshayina. Isishwankathelo, uphendlo lwaseAsia Pacific lusukela uguqulelo (ガードレール, 가드레일) ukuba iinguqulelo (波形护栏) ukucacisa isiNgesi, kuxhomekeke kwindawo.
Imfuno yeMarike kunye neeMpawu
I-Asia Pacific imele i imarike inkulu kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza koonogada bendlela ehlabathini (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032). Ziliqela izinto ezinegalelo kwimfuno enkulu:
- Iziseko ezingundoqo zaseTshayina: I-China yakhe uthungelwano lwe-expansive Expressway (> 160,000 km kunye nokukhula), zonke zifakwe kwi-W-beam guardrails kumacala omabini kunye ne-medians. Nokuba ukwakhiwa kwendlela entsha kuyacotha, ukugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa iimfuno zinkulu xa kujongwe isikali. Ukongeza, i-China iyaqhubeka ukongeza oohola beendlela ezintsha nangona ngesantya esiphakathi; ikhilomitha nganye entsha idla ngokufuna i-2–4 km ye-guardrail (amacala omabini, ngamanye amaxesha anamacala amabini kuma-medians). I-China ikwathumela ngaphandle umthamo omkhulu weereyile zokugada: Abavelisi baseTshayina ngokudibeneyo bavelisa amakhulu amawaka eetoni ngonyaka, kungekuphela nje kusetyenziso lwasekhaya kodwa ukuthengisa ngaphandle. Ngombono, umzi-mveliso omnye omkhulu waseTshayina uyabhengeza I-150,000 yeetoni zeemetric ngonyaka (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail), kwaye kukho intaphane yemizi-mveliso enjalo. Imigangatho yasekhaya yaseTshayina (JT/T 281) ihambelana nezithethe zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo lukarhulumente lokhuseleko koohola bendlela (njengokuphucula iindlela zasemaphandleni ezineentsimbi zokulinda phantsi kwenkqubo yeeNkqubo eziKhuselekileyo) zigcina imfuno yasekuhlaleni inamandla.
- Ukwandiswa kohola wendlela waseIndiya: I-Indiya iphakathi kwenkqubo yophuhliso lohola wendlela ondlongondlongo (umzekelo, iprojekthi yeBharatmala), ukwakha amashumi amawaka eekhilomitha zeendlela ezintsha kunye neendlela ezihamba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhokelele ekunyukeni kweemfuno ze imiqobo yokuphahlazeka kwentsimbi ecaleni koohola beendlela ezintsha zelizwe. UMphathiswa wezoThutho eziNdleleni kunye noohola bendlela ugunyazise ukuba kubekho iindawo zokugada kwiindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kwaye amazwe aseIndiya alungisa iindawo ezinobungozi ngeentsimbi zokugada. Oohola bendlela baseIndiya bahlala besebenzisa i MBCB (W-beam) guardrail njengesithintelo esisemgangathweni ecaleni kwendlela; ngoko ke yonke ikhontrakthi entsha yendlela ibandakanya iikhilomitha zofakelo lwesiporo. Ngesicwangciso saseIndiya sokongeza kunye nokuphucula iikhilomitha ezingama-65,000+ zohola wendlela, imakethi yokugada ikwindlela yokukhula eyomeleleyo. Ukongeza, imveliso yasekhaya e-Indiya iyanyuka ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno (ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto ezivela ngaphandle).
- UQoqosho olusakhulayo lwe-ASEAN: Amazwe afana I-Indonesia, iVietnam, iiPhilippines, kunye neThailand zandisa uthungelwano lweendlela kunye neendlela ezikhawulezayo. Umzekelo, iTrans-Java yase-Indonesia kunye neendlela ezintsha zokurhafisa zaseSumatra zifuna iindlela zokugada ezibanzi; Iiprojekthi zaseVietnam zaseMntla-South Expressway ngokufanayo zibandakanya ukufakwa kwe-guardrail ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. La mazwe ahlala efumana iindawo zokugada ngokusebenzisa iikontraka ezithenga kumazwe angaphandle kubaboneleli bengingqi (e-China, eMalaysia, okanye e-Indiya) ukuba imveliso yasekhaya ilinganiselwe. Njengoko ezi zizwe zigxininisa ukhuseleko ezindleleni, neendlela ezikhoyo (ezifana nohola wentaba eVietnam okanye iindlela ezijikozayo e-Indonesia) zifumana iindlela zokugada phantsi kweenkqubo zokhuseleko.
- Uphuhliso lwe-APAC: Kwiimarike eziphuhlileyo ezifana Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, imfuno izinzile, iqhutywa kukugcinwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha. iJapan neKorea zinonxibelelwano oluqolileyo; batshintsha iintsimbi zokukhusela ezindala ngoyilo oluphuculweyo (umzekelo, ukongeza iirabha zokukhusela izithuthuthu okanye ukusebenzisa imiqadi etyebileyo entlantlu-ntathu kwiindawo eziyingozi). Australia kunye NZ update guardrails ukuthobela imigangatho yokuwa yamva nje (MASH). La mazwe aphinde avavanye ngokutyabeka (iJapan isebenzisa iirayile ezininzi ezipeyintwe mhlophe ukwenzela ubuhle kunye nokukhusela umhlwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni) ezinokuchaphazela imijikelo yokutshintshwa. Imfuno apha ayikokukhula okuphezulu, kodwa icandelo leprimiyamu (iindawo eziphakamileyo zokugada, iingubo ezikhethekileyo) zibalulekile.
Omnye umkhwa kwi-Asia Pacific yi ukuthumela ngaphandle orientation iindawo zokuvelisa. iTshayina kwaye Indiya ayingobathengi abakhulu kuphela kodwa nabathumela ngaphandle (eChina ngakumbi). Maleyishiya kwaye Thayilendi babe nemveliso ethile (kaninzi ngokusebenzisa amasebe eOstreliya okanye iinkampani zaseJapan) kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle ngaphakathi kwe-SE Asia. Ostreliya ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Ingal/Valmont ukuya kwiimarike ezikufutshane (umzekelo, ukubonelela ngeziqithi zePasifiki okanye i-SE Asia kwiiprojekthi apho kusetyenziswa imilinganiselo yaseNtshona). Oku kwenza iAsia Pacific ibe ngumnatha indawo yokuthumela ngaphandle iindawo zokugada, ngakumbi ukukhonza iAfrika kunye noMbindi Mpuma.
Utyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso kuyo yonke iAsia Pacific luhleli luphezulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindlela zamazwe asaphuhlayo. Inkcitho karhulumente kudityaniswe nemali-mboleko yebhanki yophuhliso iqinisekisa imiyalelo eqhubekayo yokugada. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi I-ADB (iBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseAsia) or IBhanki ye hlabathi Iiprojekthi zendlela eMzantsi Asia kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia zibandakanya imigca yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali yokukhusela. Ke ngoko, imakethi ye-Asia Pacific guardrail ayisiyonto enkulu kuphela kodwa ikwayenye yezona zinto zininzi Eguqukayo, kunye nokuveliswa kwevolumu ephezulu, ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha (ezinye iifemu zaseTshayina zizisa ii-polymer-coated guardrails, kunye neefemu zaseJapan ziye zavavanya i-smart sensor-equipped guardrails, njl.).
Abakhuphisana abakhulu
Umzi-mveliso we-guardrail wase-Asia Pacific mkhulu kakhulu, ukusuka kwiinkampani ezincinci ukuya kwiinkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi. Abakhuphisana abaphambili ngokwengingqi:
- Abavelisi baseTshayina (abahlukeneyo) – China has abavelisi abaninzi abakhulu ezinikezelwe kuhola wendlela. Imizekelo ibandakanya Hebei Huiyuan, Shandong Guanxian Huaan Traffic, Wuhan Dachu. Ezi nkampani zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwi-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam guardrails, rhoqo zineendawo zazo zokugalela. Ngokuqhelekileyo banikezela ngeesuti ezipheleleyo zeemveliso: iintsimbi zentsimbi (kubo bonke ubude obuqhelekileyo obufana ne-4320 mm ubude obuqhelekileyo be-12'6" (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail)), i-galvanized okanye ngamanye amaxesha i-powder-coated, kunye nezithuba zentsimbi (i-C-channel okanye i-I-beam), i-spacers, i-bolts, kunye ne-end terminals (eminye imigangatho, i-proprietary ethile). Iindlela zokugada zaseTshayina zenziwe ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe - zikhankanya ukuthotyelwa I-AASHTO M180, EN 1317, AS/NZS 3845, njl kwiinkcukacha (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail) (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail). Abaninzi banomthamo omkhulu wemveliso; njengokuba, HuaAn Traffic ibonisa i-150k MT/ngonyaka kunye nesatifikethi esisemgangathweni omninzi (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail) (I-DIP eshushu iGalvanized Highway Guardrail i-Thrie Beam Isithintelo seNdlela eKhuselekileyo soKhuseleko lweZithuthi ngeSatifikethi se-CE-Hot-DIP eGalvanized Highway Guardrail kunye neBeam Safe Highway Guardrail). Amaxabiso avela eTshayina anobundlavini kakhulu, anyusa uqoqosho lwesikali kunye neendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi. Ababoneleli baseTshayina ngokudibeneyo balawula imarike yokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye bazalisekisa imfuno yangaphakathi yaseTshayina. Ngaphakathi, imarike yahlulahlulwe phakathi kwabavelisi abaninzi, kodwa zonke iiprojekthi zohola wendlela ezinkulu zibonelelwa ngeli qula. Ayiqhelekanga loo nto ngaphezulu kwe-50% yemveliso yomenzi waseTshayina ithunyelwa ngaphandle (美标波形护栏与国标的区别点 – 百度经验), ebonisa indlela abanempembelelo ngayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Akukho nkampani inye yaseTshayina inokuchazwa njenge "nkokeli" ngenxa yenani labo, kodwa njengeqela, abavelisi baseTshayina owona mthombo mkhulu wehlabathi yeW-beam guardrails ngokomthamo.
- Abavelisi baseIndiya (umzekelo, i-Utkarsh, iTata Steel Processing) -Imveliso ye-guardrail yaseIndiya iye yanda ngeenkqubo zayo zendlela. Utkarsh India ngumzekelo ophawulekayo, ukuphawula ngokwawo njengomvelisi ohamba phambili wezithintelo zentsimbi e-Indiya. Utkarsh uvelisa I-W-Beam kunye ne-Thrie-Beam yokugada, kubandakanywa iileyili ezenziwe ngamagalvanized kunye neengubo ezahlukeneyo, ukubambelela kwimigangatho yomibini yamaNdiya (esipili se-AASHTO M180) kunye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (UMvelisi oPhezulu weMetal Beam Crash Barrier Menzi kunye noMboneleli-Utkarsh India). Bagxininisa umgangatho ophezulu wentsimbi (efunyenwe kwi-Tata Steel kunye ne-SAIL) (Top Metal Beam Crash isithintelo uMvelisi kunye noMboneleli) kunye neemveliso zabo zisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zohola wendlela kulo lonke elaseIndiya (UMvelisi oPhezulu weMetal Beam Crash Barrier Menzi kunye noMboneleli-Utkarsh India). Tata Steel ikwanabo nobukho: Indawo kaTata's Steelp**ark (njengoko kuphawulwe kumanqaku e-LinkedIn) yenza imiqobo yokhuseleko lohola wendlela, kunye nenkqubo kaTata ethi “Vetex” esuka eYurophu inokudlulisela ulwazi eIndiya. Abanye abadlali Indian ziquka Rajdeep Metals, Omkareshwar, RR iiNjineli, njl njl. Abavelisi baseIndiya balungiselelwe ikakhulu imfuno yasekhaya, kodwa abanye (njenge-Utkarsh) nabo bathumela kumazwe angabamelwane (Bangladesh, Nepal, njl.). Ngenxa yesikali saseIndiya, ezi nkampani zinemveliso ebalulekileyo. Isikhundla seMarike: Abavelisi baseIndiya ngoku babonelela ngobuninzi beemfuno zaseIndiya (ukuthenga ngaphandle kwelizwe kuncinci ngoku ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yeMake-in-India), kwaye baya bekhuphisana kumazwe ngamazwe, nangona bengekabikho njengongameleyo njengamaTshayina ekuthumeleni ngaphandle. Utkarsh India, umzekelo, uyazingca iimveliso ezivavanywe ukuphahlazeka kunye nokubambelela kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuphisana ngaphaya kweIndiya (UMvelisi oPhezulu weMetal Beam Crash Barrier Menzi kunye noMboneleli-Utkarsh India).
- Iimveliso zaseIngal Civil (Valmont) – (Iwebhusayithi: ingalcivil.com.au) Isekelwe e-Australia, Ingal (icandelo leValmont Industries) umenzi ohamba phambili e-Australia / eNew Zealand kunye nomthengisi ophawulekayo e-Asia-Pacific (Iimveliso zaseIngal Civil – LinkedIn). I-Ingal ivelisa umgangatho wokugada wendlela kawonke-wonke wase-Australia (w-beam guardrail eneprofayile ethile kunye nepateni yomngxuma ukuya kwimigangatho ye-AS/NZS) kunye neenkqubo zobunini ezifana ne-Ezy-Guard (inkqubo yokugada elungisiweyo enezithuba ezimbalwa). Bakwasasaza iikhushini ezahlukeneyo zokuphahlazeka kunye nezithintelo zeentambo zocingo. Ingal Civil amabango ukuba "Ezona ngcali zithintela ukhuseleko kuhola wendlela eAsia Pacific." ( Ikhaya ). Banemveliso eOstreliya kunye nabancedisi okanye abanelayisensi eMalaysia (Ingal Malaysia) (Ingal Ezy-Guard) kunye nezinye iindawo. Isabelo semarike ye-Ingal e-Australia/NZ siphezulu kakhulu (zibonelela ngeeprojekthi ezininzi zolawulo lwendlela karhulumente). Kumazwe ngamazwe, njengenxalenye yeValmont, ngamanye amaxesha baphumelela iiprojekthi kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia okanye kuMbindi Mpuma apho uyilo lwabo luchaziwe. Amaxabiso e-Ingal's guardrail kwimarike yasekhaya aphezulu (ngenxa yeendleko zokwenziwa kwe-Australia) - malunga AUD $ 50–$80 ngemitha nganye kwiireyile eziqhelekileyo (izinto kuphela). Nangona kunjalo, ugxininiso lwabo lusemgangathweni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamva nje yokuphahlazeka (MASH). I-Ingal/Valmont ngoko ibambe isikhundla esomeleleyo kwingingqi kwaye isebenza njengophawu lweprimiyamu eAsia Pacific.
- Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal (kunye nezinye iifemu zaseJapan) - EJapan, iindawo zokugada zibonelelwa ziinkampani zentsimbi zasekhaya okanye izahlulo zabo zokwenziwa. I-Nippon Steel, i-JFE Steel, njl., yenza iikhoyili zentsimbi kwaye zihlala ziyila iintsimbi zokulinda ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya. Ukongeza, iinkampani ezikhethekileyo zaseJapan ziyathanda Yodogawa Steel Works ukuvelisa i-guardrails, kubandakanywa ezinemibala kunye nezogqunywe. Ezi nkampani aziqhelekanga ukuthumela ngaphandle ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, kodwa zibonelela ngokupheleleyo kwiimfuno zasekhaya. Imarike yaseJapan ilawulwa ngempumelelo ngabavelisi bayo basekhaya abahambelana neenkampani zokwakha. UMzantsi Korea uyafana: iinkampani ezifana YK Steel kwaye abanye babonelela ngemarike yasekuhlaleni. Ezi azinabo ubukho bamazwe aphesheya kodwa ngabakhuphisana abaphambili kumazwe abo (kunye nemonopoly kwezinye iimeko ngenxa yemigangatho kunye neendlela zokuthenga).
- Southeast Asian Fabricators -Inani labenzi abancinci abakhoyo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Umzekelo, Maleyishiya inamafemu afana Astro Holdings or Athletic abenza iindonga zokugada (ngamanye amaxesha phantsi kwelayisenisi okanye ngentsimbi ephuma kumazwe angaphandle). Thayilendi Isebe lohola wendlela ngamanye amaxesha lifumana iirayili ezenziwe ziinkampani zentsimbi zalapha eThailand. Vietnam iqala ukwenza ezinye iindlela zokugada ngaphakathi ukuze ibonelele ngeeprojekthi zayo zikahola wendlela, rhoqo ngentsebenziswano yaseJapan okanye yaseKorea. Aba badlali basebenza kakhulu kwiimarike zasekhaya kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amazwe angabamelwane. Bahlala bekhuphisana ekuhanjisweni ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhelana ne-specs yendawo.
Kwi-Asia Pacific, xa kujongwa ijografi enkulu, indawo ekhuphisanayo ikwingingqi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu ujonga impembelelo enkulu: Abavelisi baseTshayina nabamaNdiya ziba ngumthombo wamandla womthamo kunye nokukhula. Okwangoku, kusekwe iinkampani ezisebenzisana neNtshona (Ingal/Valmont, uTrinity ngokusebenzisa iireps zalapha) gcina ubukho obuqinileyo kwiimarike apho kufuneka izisombululo eziphezulu okanye ezikhethekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, inkalo enomdla imveliso karhulumente: Kwamanye amazwe (njengeTshayina, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba), iindawo zokugada zinokuveliswa ngamashishini karhulumente kwiiprojekthi ezithile. Umzekelo, amasebe ohola wendlela wephondo e-China aneendibano zocweyo zawo ezinokuqengqeleka ii-guardrails ukuba ziyafuneka, nangona oku kungaxhaphakanga ngoku ngenxa yokufumaneka kwecandelo labucala.
Ukuthelekiswa kwaBaboneleli abaPhambili baseAsia Pacific Guardrail
| Uphawu/Umvelisi | Isiseko (iMarike ePhambili) | Iimveliso & nezakhono | Amaxabiso (malunga nemisebenzi yangaphambili) | Indawo yeMakethi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HuaAn Traffic, njl. (eTshayina) | I-China (ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelizwe jikelele) | I-W-beam, i-Thrie-beam guardrails, izithuba - multi-standard (AASHTO, EN, njl.); amandla amakhulu (100k+ iitoni/ngonyaka) | Iphantsi kakhulu – umzekelo $500–$700/toni (isixa) | I-China: uninzi lwababoneleli abaphezulu balawula umthamo wasekhaya kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle; ngokudibeneyo umthengisi omkhulu wehlabathi. |
| Utkarsh India (kwaye okufanayo) | I-Indiya (yasekhaya nakwingingqi) | Izithintelo ze-Metal Beam Crash (i-W-beam, i-Thrie-beam) - ifakwe kwi-IS/AASHTO specs; iinkqubo ezigcweleyo ezinezithuba | I-low-mid-inzuzo kwintsimbi yasekhaya (ekhuphisanayo e-S. Asia) | Umenzi ophambili waseIndiya; umthengisi omkhulu kwiiprojekthi zendlela ye-India, impembelelo yengingqi ekhulayo. |
| Isi-Ingal Civil (Valmont) | Ostreliya/NZ (APAC) | I-AS/NZS-standard guardrails, ii-proprietary systems (Ezy-Guard), iiterminals ezivavanyiweyo ze-MASH | Phezulu – umz. AU$60/m (iindleko zasekhaya eziphezulu) | Ingcali enkulu yomqobo yaseAsia-Pac; inkokeli yemarike kwi-AU/NZ, umthengisi osebenzayo e-Asia. |
| Nippon Steel & namaqabane | Japan (yasekhaya) | Iintsimbi zokugada ezenziwe ngesinyithi (i-W-beam njl.njl.) ukuya kwi-std yaseJapan, rhoqo ngeengubo eziqhelekileyo (ezimhlophe, ezimdaka) | Phezulu (amaxabiso asekhaya eJapan) | Phantse yonke intengiso yaseJapan (ngeenkampani ezinkulu zentsimbi); kuncinci ukuthumela ngaphandle. |
| IsiTurkey / Amanye amaAsia (ithunyelwa ngaphandle kwi-APAC) | Turkey, S.Korea, Malaysia | Iindidi ezahlukeneyo-umz. I-EN1317 yokugada yaseTurkey kuMbindi weAsia, iireyile ezenziwe eKorea e-SE Asia | Maphakathi (kuxhomekeke kumthombo) | Ababoneleli abanethuba kwiiprojekthi ze-APAC; hayi ingingqi kodwa izalise iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi. |
(Imarike yaseAsia Pacific i enamandla kakhulu. Iifemu zaseTshayina nezaseIndiya kulindeleke ukuba zonyuse ngakumbi imveliso kunye nomgangatho, ezinokucudisa abakhuphisana ngexabiso eliphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, imigangatho yendawo kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo ziqinisekisa ukuba abadlali basekhaya abafana ne-Ingal (Aus) okanye i-Nippon (eJapan) bagcina i-turf yabo yasekhaya. Ngokwandiswa kweziseko ezingundoqo eziqhubekayo, i-APAC iya kuhlala ingummandla ophambili wokukhula kwemfuno yokugada.UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032).)
isiphelo
Kuyo yonke imimandla, I-W-beam kunye ne-Thrie-beam yokugada zihlala zisisiseko kukhuseleko olusecaleni kwendlela, kwaye urhwebo lwabo lubonisa izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwiziseko ezingundoqo zommandla ngamnye kunye neemeko zoqoqosho. amantla Emelika ibonisa imfuno ezinzileyo exhaswa lutyalo-mali olutsha kwaye ilawulwa ziifemu ezimbalwa ezisele zimisiwe; iYurophu igxininisa ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko kwaye inikezelwa ngumxube weenkampani zelifa kunye neengcali zengingqi; i Phakathi empuma amava okukhula okubotshelelwe kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso kunye nabavelisi bommandla kunye nabarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle abakhuphisana ngezoshishino; amazantsi Emelika ngokuthe ngcembe yandisa iziseko zayo zokhuseleko lohola wendlela, ifuna izibonelelo kubaboneleli basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe; kwaye Asia Pacific ikhokelela kwisikali, kunye neChina kunye neIndiya ukuqhuba imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Ummandla ngamnye unomhlaba owahlukileyo wamagama angundoqo, kodwa ngokwelizwe jikelele amagama aguqulelwa kuwo umzila wokulinda/umqobo wokhuseleko ziyachongeka, nto leyo ebonisa ukuqonda okufanayo kwezi zixhobo zokhuseleko kwihlabathi jikelele. Imfuno yemarike inxulunyaniswe jikelele kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko ezindleleni, okuthetha ukuba njengoko amazwe enza utyalo-mali ezindleleni, imfuno yokugada ilandela. Ngokhuphiswano, ngelixa abanye abadlali behlabathi (abanjengoBathathu Emnye/iValtir okanye iValmont) benobukho phantse kuyo yonke indawo, ishishini lisabona abadlali bommandla abomeleleyo abenzelwe imigangatho neemeko zasekhaya.
Isishwankathelo, imakethi yokugada yehlabathi yomelele kwaye iyakhula, inamagqabantshintshi engingqi kwisigama sokukhangela kunye nokhuphiswano kodwa injongo ekwabelwana ngayo iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ngokusebenzisa iW-beam ethembekileyo kunye nemiqobo ye-Thrie-beam (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032) (Imboniselo enzulu yoShishino: kuMntla Melika, iYurophu, uMzantsi Melika, kunye nakuMbindi Mpuma weBhodi ye-Guardrail ubungakanani, uqikelelo). Utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kwiziseko ezingundoqo zeendlela nokhuseleko luya kuqinisekisa ukuba aba “bagadi bathuleyo” ecaleni koohola bendlela bethu bahlala befunwa ngamandla kwihlabathi jikelele kwiminyaka ezayo.
Imithombo:
- Umbono wentengiso kunye neendlela zokukhula kwengingqi-WiseGuyReports, Global Highway Guard Rails Market (Julayi 2024) (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032) (UPhando lweMarike yeNdlela yokuGada kooLoliwe: Isifundo esinzulu ngo-2032)
- Iinkcukacha zotyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo zase-US-Wikipedia, UMthetho woTyalo-mali kwiziSeko ezinguNdoqo kunye neMisebenzi (UMthetho woTyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye noMthetho weMisebenzi – iWikipedia)
- Amabango omvelisi kunye neenkcazo - indawo esemthethweni kaGregory Industries (USA) (Guardrail Manufacturer | Ukhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela | UGregory Highway) (Guardrail Manufacturer | Ukhuseleko ecaleni kwendlela | UGregory Highway); Indawo yokuThengisa kuShishino lweHlabathi (e-USA) (IThengiso kuShishino lweHlabathi); Ikhonkco kuMbindi Mpuma (UAE) iphepha lemveliso (Ababoneleli bakaLoliwe-uQhagamshelwano kuMbindi Mpuma-IiKontraka zocingo, ababoneleli beGabions, iGabions Steel Wire, iPerimeter Fencing e-UAE, iiGabions, iiNcingo, iiCabling e-UAE.); Iqela leDANA (UAE) ulwazi ngemveliso (GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA - Ukongeza ixabiso kwi-Oli kunye neNsimbi) (GuardRails & CrashBarriers | IQELA le-DANA - Ukongeza ixabiso kwi-Oli kunye neNsimbi); Volkmann & Rossbach (DE) ulwazi lwenkampani (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lwendlela - VOLKMANN & ROSSBACH GmbH); Utkarsh India (IN) iphepha lemveliso (UMvelisi oPhezulu weMetal Beam Crash Barrier Menzi kunye noMboneleli-Utkarsh India); Ingal Civil (AUS) iprofayile ( Ikhaya ).
- Ulwimi kunye neereferensi zexesha lendawo - iWikipedia yeSpanish "Guardarraíl" (Guardarraíl – Wikipedia, intyilalwazi free); Ingxoxo yeReddit ngesigama somlindi (Ubhidekile: Ngaba yiGaurdrail okanye i-Guiderail : r/civilengineering-Reddit); Izithethantonye ze-WordHippo (isikhokelo sikaloliwe vs guardrail) (Inkcazo ye-GUARDRAIL kwisiNgesi saseMelika-Collins Dictionary).
- Imizekelo yamaxabiso – Weston (Massachusetts) Guardrail Report (2016) (); Isikhokelo sokuthumela ngaphandle Alibaba (Roadsky) (Ingaba yimalini iNdlela yokuGcina iNdlela yokuGcina iZinto? Isikhokelo esipheleleyo).
- Iimpawu zoTyalo-mali kunye nemfuno – uPhando lweMarike oluQinisekisiweyo (Feb 2025) (Imboniselo enzulu yoShishino: kuMntla Melika, iYurophu, uMzantsi Melika, kunye nakuMbindi Mpuma weBhodi ye-Guardrail ubungakanani, uqikelelo); Ingxelo yeReuters ngotyalo-mali lwendlela yaseBrazil (Iinkundla zaseBrazil zingaphaya kwe-60 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kutyalo-mali koohola bendlela ngo-2026).
- Izikhundla zentengiso yeNkampani-V&R ubunkokeli baseYurophu (Iinkqubo zokunqanda izithuthi kunye nokhuseleko lwendlela - VOLKMANN & ROSSBACH GmbH); Ingal (Valmont) ubunkokheli Asia-Pacific ( Ikhaya ); Segurvia Brazil ubunkokeli (Ínicio – Segurvia).
