Uhlolojikelele
I-American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official inikezwe umsebenzi wokubeka izindinganiso ekuklameni nasekwakheni zonke izingqalasizinda zomgwaqo omkhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha. Elinye lalawo mazinga yi-AASHTO M180, etholakala ezicini zensimbi zokuqapha umgwaqo onguthelawayeka. Lokhu okuthunyelwe, kulokhu, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo ezingozini ngaphakathi kweziqiwi zomgwaqo. Leli phepha licubungula izici ezibalulekile, imingcele yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinzuzo zokuthunyelwe kwensimbi ye-AASHTO M180.
Izici ze-AASHTO M180 Steel Posts
Amandla Aphezulu Izikhala ze-AASHTO M180, ngokuklanywa, zenziwe ngensimbi enamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi iBanga 345 noma 350. Lokho kukhetha kwezinto kusho ukuthi izikhala zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo futhi zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enomthelela. Insimbi futhi izokwanelisa izidingo ze-ASTM zezinsimbi ezifana ne-ASTM A570 yensimbi eyakhiwe ebandayo noma i-ASTM A588 yensimbi yesimo sezulu.
Usayizi Ojwayelekile Amazinga abeka osayizi abancane bezigxobo ngokuya ngobude, ububanzi, nokuqina kodonga. Lokhu kufana kuqinisekisa ukubekwa okufanele nokuhambisana namanye amalungu esistimu ye-Guardrail.
Ukuvikelwa Ngokumelene Nokugqwala Ukuze imelane nesimo sezulu esibi nezinye izici zangaphandle, i-AASHTO M180 idinga ukuthi izigxobo zensimbi zifakwe uthayela, zinamathiselwe, noma ziphathwe ukuxosha ukugqwala. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanization yobukhulu obuncane bokujiya nge-ASTM A123 noma amanye amazinga ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okufanayo kokugqwala.
Imininingwane Yokufaka Ukucaciswa kunikeza inqubo yokufaka amaposi ngendlela yokuthi asekelwe ngokwanele futhi anele ngokwesakhiwo. Lezi zingase zifakwe kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokubhola ezigunyaziwe, zokushayela, noma zokubeka ukhonkolo kanye nesikhala esinconyiwe nokuqondanisa okufanele kunikeze imihlangano esebenzayo nebukekayo.
Imingcele Yezobuchwepheshe Yezikhala ze-AASHTO M180
Material
- Ibanga Lensimbi: Ngokujwayelekile ibanga 345 noma 350
- Amazinga: Ukuvumelana ne-ASTM A570 (insimbi ebandayo) noma i-ASTM A588 (insimbi yesimo sezulu)
Ubukhulu
- Ubude bokuthunyelwe: Ngokuvamile ubude bokuthunyelwe buyahlukahluka phakathi kwamafidi angu-9.5 no-12.5, kuye ngokusebenza
- Ububanzi Bokuthunyelwe: Ngokuvamile, 3.25 amayintshi (82.55 mm)
- Ubukhulu Bodonga: buyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-0.165 amayintshi (4.19 mm) kanye no-0.200 amayintshi (5.08 mm)
Ukuphikiswa Kwe-Corrosion
- I-galvanizing: I-hot-dip coating lapho izigxobo kufanele zifakwe uthayela. I-ASTM A123 icacisa ubukhulu obuncane bokunamathela
- Ukumboza: Okunye ukunamathela kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso ezichaziwe zokumelana nokugqwala
Izidingo zokufaka
- Ukunamathisela: Okuthunyelwe kufanele kuqiniswe ngokuqinile kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanele njengokubhola, ukushayela, nokubeka kukhonkolo.
- Isikhala Nokuqondanisa: Lokhu kulawulwa ezidingweni ezithile zokusekela okuthunyelwe ngendlela efanele kanye nokugcinwa kokubukeka
Testing
- Ukuhlolwa Komthelela: Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okuthunyelwe kungamelana nokushayisana kwezimoto
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensile: Lokhu kusetshenziswa ekunqumeni amandla esivuno namandla okugcina ensimbi.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Okuthunyelwe kwe-AASHTO M180
Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe Ukusetshenziswa kokuthunyelwe okuthobela i-AASHTO M180 kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kokuthunyelwe okuhlala isikhathi eside, okunekhwalithi ephezulu okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha emigwaqweni.
Idizayini Ejwayelekile Ubukhulu obufanayo kanye nezindlela zokufaka emugqeni womkhiqizo yizihluthulelo zokuhambisana nokwenza kube lula ukwakha.
Izindleko-Ngempumelelo Ukumiswa kanye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kunciphisa isidingo sezinguquko ezibizayo zomsebenzi kanye nezinye izinkinga zesikhathi eside.
Izicelo Ezisebenzayo ze-AASHTO M180 Steel Posts
Izivimbelo ze-Highway Median Isicelo esijwayelekile sezigxobo zensimbi ze-AASHTO M180 zisemigodleni emaphakathi yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, evimbela izimoto ukuthi zingaweli kuthrafikhi ezayo futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokushayisana kwezimoto. Ngakho-ke, izigxobo zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ziqinisekisa ukuthi izithiyo ezakhiwe ziyakwazi ukumelana namandla aphezulu okuthonya futhi, ngokubuyisela, zisebenza njengesivikelo esinokwethenjelwa.
I-Guardrails yomgwaqo Ngezigxobo zensimbi ze-AASHTO M180, vikela izimoto ekuweni ngephutha emigwaqweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule olubucayi noma ezingxenyeni ezicijile ezigobile. Ubukhulu obufanayo nezindlela zokubeka ezijwayelekile zalezi zinsimbi zokuqapha eziseceleni komgwaqo zibenza bathembeke futhi basebenziseke.
I-Bridge Guardrails Izitimela zebhuloho zinikeza isiqinisekiso esengeziwe ngaphakathi kwamabhuloho, lapho ukushayisana kwemoto kungase kube nemiphumela eyinhlekelele, kusetshenziswa izikhala ze-AASHTO M180. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokumelana nokugqwala yenza isistimu ye-Guardrail iqine futhi isebenze ngisho nasezimeni zemvelo ezinobutha, ezivamile kumabhuloho.
I-Mountain Road Guardrails Imigwaqo yasezintabeni inikeza inselele eyingqayizivele ukuphenduka nokugingqika ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene. Izesekeli ze-Guardrail zilungiswe kahle kulezi zigaba ngezigxobo zensimbi ze-AASHTO M180 eziqinile ukuze kugwenywe izimoto eziphuma emgwaqeni nokuvikela abashayeli.
Okunye Ukuthonya Kwemvelo
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yesimo sezulu (ASTM A588) ezikhaleni ze-AASHTO M180 akugcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphila kodwa futhi kwehlise kakhulu inani lokugcinwa okufanele kwenziwe. Insimbi yesimo sezulu ithatha ukugqwala okuzinzile, okudala ukunamathela okuvikelayo okususa imfuneko yokudweba noma ezinye izinto zejazi ezengeziwe.
Ukunakekelwa Nokuhlolwa Ukunakekelwa okufanele nokuhlolwa kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokuqapha. Lokhu kungaba lula njengokubheka noma iyiphi inkomba yokugqwala, ukulimala komthelela wemoto, kanye nokuthi izigxobo zisamile ngokwanele yini. Lokhu kugcina ukwethembeka kwalezi zinhlelo zokuphepha ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside esikhathini eside.
Isifinyezo
I-AASHTO M180 ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi zonke izindawo zokugada umgwaqo omkhulu ziphephile futhi zithembeke kakhulu. Ichaza insimbi enamandla amakhulu, ubukhulu obunembile, nezinyathelo ezifanele zokumelana nokugqwala; ngakho-ke, ngaleli zinga, kwakhiwa izinhlelo zokugada, ezizobonakala ziqinile futhi zisebenzele ukusiza nokuvikela abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ngokwethembeka.
- Insimbi Enamandla Aphakeme: Ivumela okuthunyelwe ukuthi kuthathe imithwalo enomthelela ngaphandle kokwehluleka ngenkathi inakekela isakhiwo.
- Ubukhulu obujwayelekile: Iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokufakwa okufanele.
- Ukuphikiswa Kwe-Corrosion: Ukuvikelwa kwezikhundla emithonyeni enolaka yezemvelo.
- Amazinga Wokufaka: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani iqinisa iposi futhi isebenza ngokuklama.
- Isicelo Esisebenzayo: Kusukela emigwaqweni emikhulu kuya emigwaqeni yasezintabeni, lezi zikhala ziwumthombo obalulekile wezinyathelo zokuphepha.
Sengiphetha, ukulandela i-AASHTO M180 ekwakheni amasistimu esitimela somgwaqo omkhulu kubalulekile ekuphepheni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside. Njengoba izigxobo zensimbi zizohlinzeka ngaleli zinga elivelele lomsebenzi odingekayo, ukuphepha emgwaqeni kuyathuthukiswa, kanjalo nempilo yawo wonke umuntu oseduze. Ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukwesekwa kungatholwa ngokuthintana nezingcweti zemboni futhi ubuyekeze imininingwane ephelele ye-AASHTO M180.
