Yakakwana Yekuongorora Chirevo pane Highway Guardrail Application Scenarios

1. Abstract

Chirevo ichi chine chinangwa chekuongorora zvakadzama uye kuongorora zvakadzama mamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa emigwagwa mikuru yevarindi mukati menzira dzekuchengetedza nzira. Sezvivakwa zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza traffic, maguardrails anoshanda mabasa kupfuura kungozviparadzanisa nevamwe. Zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kuipa kwetsaona dzemotokari uye kuderedza kufa kwevanhu kuburikidza nekutora simba rekudhumhana, kunyatsotungamirira motokari, kutungamirira maziso emutyairi, uye kurambidza vanhu kuyambuka. Chirevo ichi chinotsanangudza pamusoro pemisimboti uye nekufunga kwekumisikidzwa kweguardrail munzvimbo dzakajairwa dzemigwagwa senge nzira, pakati pepakati, uye bhiriji nematanho ekupinda / ekubuda, achienderera kune yakakosha mashandisirwo evanofamba netsoka uye asiri-motor njanji dzemotokari mumigwagwa yemudhorobha.

Magadzirirwo uye kusarudzwa kwemaguardrails haabvi pakufunga kumwe chete asi anogadziridzwa zvine simba zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana senge nzira yejometri maitiro, huwandu hwemotokari, kuumbwa kwemotokari, uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Semuyenzaniso, mumakombi akapinza, pamateru, kana kuti nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekumisikidza, mwero wedziviriro wezvisungo zvekurinda unofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvakafanira. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yeGuardrail, sekushandiswa kweinotenderedza anti-collision barrel guardrails uye yakasanganiswa magadhi, inoratidza ongororo irikuenderera mberi muinjiniya kuwedzera mashandiro ekuchengetedza, kukwirisa mutengo-kushanda, uye kuona kuenderana kwezvakatipoteredza. Zviitiko izvi zvinoratidza maitiro akananga kune akangwara uye akasimba ekuvaka zvivakwa.

2. ziviso

2.1 Basa uye Kukosha kweVarindi muRoad Safety Dziviriro Systems

Highway guardrails chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza chezvifambiso zvechizvino-zvino, nebasa ravo guru nderekushingairira kana kungoona kuchengetedzwa kwevashandisi vemigwagwa. Kubva pamaonero ekudzivirira, basa rekutanga remaguardrails nderekudzivirira mota dzekunze-dzisingadzoreki kubva munzira yadzinenge yafunga, kudzivirira kutiza kubva munzira, kupinda munzira dzinopikisa, kana kudonha kubva munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzakadai semabhiriji kana zvivakwa zvakasimudzwa, nekudaro zvichidzikamisa tsaona dzemotokari. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira inotora simba rakakura kwazvo rinogadzirwa panguva yekudhumhana kwemotokari uye inova nechokwadi chekuti mota dzinovharika kana kudzoserwa mushure mekuita, nekudaro kuderedza kukuvara kwevanogara uye kukuvara kwemidziyo.

Zvisinei, basa revarindi rinowedzera kupfuura izvi. Vanoshandawo basa rinoshanda rekuchengetedza kutungamira, semuenzaniso, nekuenderera kwavo chimiro chinotungamira kuona kwemutyairi, kunyanya husiku kana mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka nekuonekwa kushoma, kupa vatyairi miganhu yemigwagwa yakajeka uye kutungamira. Saizvozvo, sezvivakwa zvekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, njanji dzinodzivirira zvinodzivirira vanofamba netsoka kubva pakuyambuka migwagwa yemotokari zvisina tsarukano, kuchengetedza kurongeka kwemotokari uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka. Iri basa rehuviri-kungodzivirira uye kutungamira kwakasimba-rinosanganisira musimboti we "kunakirwa nevanhu, kuchengeteka kutanga" mukugadzira kuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa. Iyi nheyo inoisa pamberi pehupenyu hwevanhu uye inoderedza kukuvadzwa, ichipfuura kungoperera kwechimiro kana kufunga kwakanaka kwetraffic, uye kuve yakadzika yakadzika magariro kukosha mukuvaka zvivakwa. Guardrail dhizaini haingotarise chete pakuchinja kwemotokari panguva yetsaona asi zvakare inotarisisa mukufunga kwemaitiro evanhu uye maonero, nekudaro vachigadzira yakawedzera uye yakanatswa nzira yekudzivirira kuchengetedza mumigwagwa.

2.2 Mharidzo Zvinangwa, Chimiro, uye Mamiriro

Chirevo ichi chine chinangwa chekuongorora zvizere mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemigwagwa mikuru yevarindi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzakaoma, kuongorora zvakadzama maitiro avo ekushanda, misimboti yekugadzira, uye kufunga nezvesarudzo. Chiyero chemushumo chinovhara zvikumbiro zveguardrail mumigwagwa mikuru, migwagwa yemudhorobha, uye mukutonga kwenguva pfupi yetraffic, uye ichaongorora maitiro avo mukuchengetedzeka kwemotokari, vanofamba netsoka, uye dzisiri mota. Chimiro chemushumo chichatsanangura zvine hungwaru pamusoro pemabasa ekuchengetedza, zvimiro, zvakajairwa mamiriro ekushandisa, kufunga kwedhizaini, uye zvichaitika mune ramangwana, vachiedza kupa chiremera uye chinoshanda chinongedzo kune nyanzvi mundima dzakakodzera.

3. Basic Mabasa uye Classification of Guardrails

3.1 Core Chengetedzo Mabasa eGuardrails

Guardrails vanotamba akawanda akakosha mabasa mukuchengetedza traffic mumigwagwa, nemabasa avo akakosha anosanganisira:

Kudzivirira kutsauka kwemotokari, kupinda, kufamba-famba, kana kufamba-pasi: Iri ndiro basa rekutanga uye rakakosha remaguardrails. Kana mota ikatsauka kubva munzira yayo yakajairika yekutyaira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana (semuenzaniso, kurasikirwa kwekudzora, kuneta kutyaira, kumhanya), njanji dzinogona kuvharika, kudzivirira mota kuti isamhanye padivi pemugwagwa, ichipinda munzira dzinopikisa, kana kudonha kubva munzvimbo dzakakwirira semabhiriji kana zvivakwa zvakasimudzwa, nokudaro zvichidzivirira njodzi dzakanyanya.
Kutora simba rekudhumhana kuti uderedze kurasikirwa netsaona: Guardrails akagadzirwa kuti atore simba rekudhumhana kwemotokari kuburikidza neyavo yemaitiro deformation kana, mune dzimwe nguva, nekumanikidza mota kukwira. Iyi nzira yekunyudza simba inodzikisira zvakanyanya simba rekuita pamotokari nevanogara mairi, nekudaro ichideredza kukuvadzwa uye kukuvara kwemidziyo. Guardrail dhizaini inongotarisa kwete chete kudzivirira mota kubva munzira asi, zvinotonyanya kukosha, pakugadzirisa mhedzisiro mushure mekunge mota yabuda mumugwagwa, kusanganisira kuderedza kukuvara kwevanogara uye kudzivirira tsaona dzechipiri. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti dhizaini yeguardrail inosanganisira kunzwisisa kwakaoma kwekuchinja kwemotokari uye biomechanics yevanhu kuti vawane mhedzisiro yakachengeteka mumamiriro ekudhumhana.
Kutungamira kutungamira mota uye kuchengetedza yakajairika kutyaira mamiriro: MaGuardrails anofanirwa kunge aine hutungamiriri hwakanaka, zvichireva kuti mushure mekunge mota yabonderana, vanofanirwa kuitungamira zvakanaka ichidzokera kwairi kutyaira, kudzivirira mota kuti isapidiguke, kutendeuka, kana mamwe mamiriro ane njodzi anogona kukonzera tsaona yechipiri. Iyo buffering uye inotungamira mashandiro evarindi zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza kwavo kushanda.
Kutungamirira kuona kwemutyairi uye kudzivirira kuyambuka netsoka: Kuenderera mberi kwechimiro cheguardrails kwakakosha pakutungamira kuona kwemutyairi, kunyanya husiku kana mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, sezvo ichiwedzera kuoneka kwemugwagwa uye inobatsira vatyairi kuchengetedza kwakaringana kutyaira. Panguva imwe cheteyo, sechivharidzo chemuviri, maguardrails anonyatso kudzivirira vanofamba netsoka kubva pakuyambuka mugwagwa zvisina tsarukano, nekudaro kuchengetedza kurongeka kwemotokari uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka. Uku kufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza (sekupenya kwemwenje wemberi) uye hunhu hwevanhu (kuona kwemutyairi, kuyambuka netsoka) kunowedzera hupamhi hwematanho ekurinda, zvichiita kuti dzive chikamu chakasiyana-siyana chekutarisa njodzi mukati menzira yekuchengetedza mugwagwa, kupfuura kungo chengetedza kudhumhana.

3.2 Zvimiro Zvimiro uye Hunhu hweVarindi

Guardrails anouya mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvimiro, uye kusarudzwa kwavo kazhinji kunoenderana nenharaunda yemugwagwa, dhizaini zvinodiwa, uye chinotarisirwa chinhanho chekudzivirira. Zvichienderana nedhigirii rekuchinja mushure mekudhumhana, magadhi anogona kuiswa muakaomarara, semi-akaoma, uye anochinjika marudzi.

Rigid Guardrails:

Mumiririri Mukuru: Concrete guardrails.
Characteristics: Yakasimba muchimiro, isingaite kuremara pakubata, inonyanya kutora simba rekudhumhana nekumanikidza mota kukwira. Nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwakaoma, vanodzivirira kupinda kwemotokari, asi kukanganisa kwemotokari nevanogara panguva yekudhumhana kunogona kuve kwakakosha.
Mamiriro Anoshanda Anowanikwa: Inokodzera zvikamu zvinodikanwa zvishoma kana kudhumhana kwesimba repamusoro-soro kunofanirwa kumira, senge pakati pemigwagwa mikuru, mativi ekunze emabhiriji, uye zvikamu zvine chikamu chepamusoro chemotokari hombe.
Semi-Rigid Guardrails:

Mumiririri Mukuru: W-beam guardrails uye bhokisi danda rinorinda.
Characteristics: Enda kune imwe dhigirii ye deformation pamusoro pekukanganisa, kutora simba kuburikidza nekuchinja uku, ukuwo uine gwara rakanaka, richibvumira mota dzinodhumhana kuti dzidzokere mugwara radzo rekutyaira. W-beam guardrails ndiyo yakajairika mhando.
Mamiriro Anoshanda Anowanikwa: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumigwagwa, pakati pepakati, uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya pazvikamu zvinoda chiyero pakati pekuita kwekudzivirira uye imwe nzvimbo yekukanganisa.
Flexible Guardrails:

Mumiririri Mukuru: Cable guardrails.
Characteristics: Inotsigirwa netambo dzakatsikirirwa (tambo dzesimbi), iine yakakosha deformation simba, zvinonyatso tora simba rekudhumhana. Kubatsira kwavo kuri mukuvharidzira kunoshanda uye kuderedza kukuvara kwemotokari. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushanduka kwavo kukuru, ivo havana kukodzera zvikamu zvine diki curve radii.
Mamiriro Anoshanda Anowanikwa: Inokodzera zvikamu zvinoda hombe buffer nzvimbo uye uko zvinodiwa deformation zvakareruka.

Manotsi ekuwedzera paMafomu Ezvakajairwa Zvimiro:

W-beam Guardrails: Rudzi rwakajairika rwechivharo chekudzivirira, chinosanganisira matanda emuchinjiko-matanho uye cylindrical zvinotsigira, zvine zvakanakira kuisirwa nyore uye nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Bhokisi Beam Guardrails: Shandisa simbi yakakura yakaita sebhokisi sematanda, akakodzera kuparadzanisa zvakamanikana.
Yakasanganiswa Guardrails: Sanganisa zvakanakira zvezvinhu zvakasiyana kana mafomu ezvimiro, senge akasanganiswa W-beam simbi inorinda. Aya maguardrails anovavarira kuenzanisa zvinangwa zvekugadzira zvakawanda, sekuwana yakakwira anti-kudhumhana kugona (semuenzaniso, SBm level) uchitora hupamhi hwekutyaira shoma, ichipa mawonero akanaka, kuve nyore kuisa, uye kuve nemutengo wakaderera. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe epamberi akasanganiswa magadhi ane chaiwo miganhu kune yavo yekudzivirira. Semuyenzaniso, kune 49-ton inorema semi-trailer ine hombe yekutanga kinetic simba, W-beam guardrails anogona kusakwanisa kusveta simba rakazara kuburikidza nekuchinja kwawo uye kudzivirira kuti asapinda pakati pepakati.⁵ Izvi zvinoratidza kuti sezvo chikamu chemotokari dzinorema mukuumbwa kwetraffic chinowedzera, tekinoroji iripo yeguardrail ichiri kutarisana nematambudziko, inoda kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji kutarisana nekudhumana kwakanyanya.

Zvishandiso zvekubatsira:

Pamusoro pechimiro chikuru, masisitimu ekuchengetedza anowanzo batanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekubatsira kuti dziwedzere kuchengetedzeka mumigwagwa:

Anti-glare Zvishandiso: Yakaiswa pamipendero yepakati, senge anti-glare nets, anti-glare panels, metal nets, kana miti yakasimwa pakati (eg, privet, azaleas), ichivavarira kudzivirira kupenya kubva kumarobhoti emotokari ari kuuya kuti asakanganisa vatyairi, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka uye kutsetseka kwekufamba husiku. Semuenzaniso, kudivi remukati remabhiriji, kunze kwezvikamu zvine anti-litter nets, zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kuiswa negreen synthetic resin kana fiberglass anti-glare panels, ine chaiyo anti-glare angles.
Buffer Zvivako: Zvakadai semadhiramu ezvigubhu (kazhinji zvigubhu zveyero zvepurasitiki zvakazadzwa nemvura), madhiramu ekudzivirira kudhumhana, kana macushion anorovera, akaiswa pamberi pezvivakwa zvakaita semicheto yemumugwagwa, mapairi emumugwagwa, kana masaini emumugwagwa, anoshandiswa kuderedza kudhumhana kwemotokari uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwevanhu.
Yambiro Maraiti anovheneka akaiswa pamusiyano wemugwagwa anopera achiyambira vatyairi nezvenzvimbo dzemapazi. Matanda echando anoiswa pabendekete rekuruboshwe uye nechepakati pemigwagwa sekutungamira kwekuona uye zvinangwa zvebasa rekubvisa chando kana kuoneka kunenge kwakashata nekuda kwemhepo ine chando.

Tafura 1: Mhando dzeGuardrail, Hunhu Hwadzo Hukuru, uye Mamiriro Anoshanda

kupatsanura	Main Representative Type	unhu	Typical Inoshanda Mamiriro ezvinhu
Rigid Guardrails	Concrete Guardrails	Kwete kuremara nyore; inotora simba nekumanikidza motokari kukwira; mazinga ekudzivirira akakwira, asi anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakura pamotokari nevanogara; yakanakira kugadzirisa.	Central medians; mativi ekunze emabhiriji; zvikamu zvine chikamu chepamusoro chemotokari huru; zvikamu zvinoda deformation shoma.
Semi-Rigid Guardrails	W-beam Guardrails, Bhokisi Beam Guardrails	Enda kune imwe deformation pamusoro pesimba, kutora simba kuburikidza ne deformation; kutungamira kwakanaka; yakajairika mhando; nyore uye nyore kugadzika, ine mutengo wakaderera.	Roadsides; pakati vepakati; curves; nhete medians (bhokisi danda).
Flexible Guardrails	Cable Guardrails	Kuve neyakakura deformation kugona, zvinonyatso kunwisa simba rekudhumhana; kuvharidzira kunoshanda, kuderedza kukuvara kwemotokari; haikodzeri zvikamu zvine diki curve radii.	Zvikamu zvinoda nzvimbo yakakura yebhafa.
Yakasanganiswa Guardrails	Yakasanganiswa W-beam Steel Guardrails, Metal Beam-Column Guardrails	Sanganisa zvakanakira zvinhu zvakawanda kana zvimiro; gara zvishoma kutyaira hupamhi, zvakanaka kuona, nyore kuisa, mutengo wakaderera; inogona kusangana neaesthetic zvinodiwa; dziviriro shoma pamotokari dzinorema zvikuru.	Migwagwa yemumaguta; mabhiriji ane zvakakosha aesthetic zvinodiwa; mabhiriji ekugadzirwa kwesimbi; macurves emigwagwa, mharadzano, misuwo/mabudiro anokanganisa chinhambwe chekuona.

4. Mamiriro Ekuita Mashandiro eHighway Guardrails

Kuiswa kwemigwagwa mikuru yevarindi kunobva pakuongorora kwakadzama kwemaitiro ejometri yemumugwagwa, mamiriro ekushanda mumigwagwa, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, uye mhedzisiro yetsaona. Mamiriro avo ekushandisa anovhara nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakosha senge migwagwa, yepakati medians, uye bhiriji uye tunnel yekupinda / yekubuda.

4.1 Misimboti uye Mamiriro eKumisikidzwa kweRoadside Guardrail

Chinangwa chekutanga chenzira dzekurinda padivi pemugwagwa ndechekudzivirira mota kuti dzisamhanye kubva pamugwagwa, kunyanya muzvikamu zvinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro.

High Embankments uye High Kuzadza Zvikamu: PaKirasi II uye pamusoro pemigwagwa mikuru apo nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye kureba kwemuchinjiziri kunowira mukati menzvimbo dzine mumvuri (Zone I ne II), uye muKirasi III neIV migwagwa mikuru muZone I, njanji dzinorinda padivi pemugwagwa dzinofanirwa kuiswa kudzivirira mota kuti dzisamhanye panzira uye kukonzera tsaona dzakanyanya dzekudonha. Kana njanji ikafamba yakatarisana mukati memamita gumi nemashanu kubva padivi pemugwagwa, uye mota inobuda mumugwagwa inogona kuwira panjanji ichikonzera tsaona yechipiri, njanji dzinorinda dzinofanirwa kuiswawo. Izvi zviri pachena zvinodikanwa pakusimudzira mazinga edziviriro kubva panzira dzejometri dzemumugwagwa (zvakadai semakona akapinza, materu, materu akakwirira) zvinoratidza hurongwa hwekutarisira njodzi. Zvinotaridza kuti dhizaini yeguardrail haina kumira-mira asi inogadziridzwa zvine simba zvichienderana nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzezvikamu zvemugwagwa, zvichipfuura "saizi imwe-inokodzera-zvese" modhi yekudzivirira yakananga kune yakanatswa dhizaini yakavakirwa panjodzi yekuongorora.
Nyaya Yekudzidza: Iyo Gansu G212 uye S306 Highway Safety Life Protection Project yakavandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa pazvikamu zvine ngozi zvemumugwagwa nekusimbisa, kuvandudza, kana kutsiva nzvimbo dzekudzivirira dziripo, nekubvisa zvine mutsindo Chikamu IV uye V zvikamu zvine njodzi.
Sharp Curves, Continuous Sharp Curves, uye Long Steep Downhill Sections: Izvi zvikamu zvinonyanya kutarisana nemotokari kurasikirwa kwekutonga nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwakaoma uye kuoma mukutonga kwekumhanya. Naizvozvo, mwero wedziviriro wepakati pepakati pekurinda unofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvakafanira, uye nzira dzekurinda dzepadivi pemugwagwa dzinofanirawo kukwidziridzwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekumisikidza.

Nyaya Yekudzidza: Iyo Henan Jiyuan S240 Jideng Line nzira huru yeprojekiti yakawedzera yakasimbiswa kongiri yekurinda uye W-beam magadhi munzvimbo dzakapinza uye kureba dzakadzika kudzika zvikamu, zvichiwedzerwa nerumble mitsetse uye neruvara anti-skid pavement. Uku kushandiswa kwakadzama kwematanho ekudzivirira akawanda, akadai seyeruvara anti-skid pavement, rumble strips, uye musanganiswa weanotenderera anotenderedza mbiya anorinda ane echinyakare magadhi, anoratidza akawanda-layered, akabatanidzwa ekudzivirira kuchengetedza zano. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuchengetedzwa kwakaringana mumigwagwa kunoenderana nekubatana kwekuita (semuenzaniso, kuona/kunzwa nyevero) uye nhanho (zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri), pane kungozvichengeta pachazvo.
Nyaya Yekudzidza: Panzira huru yeXinjiang G315, muzvikamu zvine macurves akawanda uye mota dzinorema, ma W-beam guardrails ekutanga akatsiviwa ne RG-SA mhando inotenderedza anti-collision barrel guardrails, uye mitsetse yekupaka yechimbichimbi yakawedzerwa, pamwe nekuwedzera kwema curves, inonyatso kuora simba rekukanganisa kwemotokari uye kudzivirira mota kuti dzisapinda muiridhira.

Zvikamu zviri Pedyo neNjanji, Mitumbi yeMvura, Zvimiro zvine Njodzi, kana Nzvimbo Dzinonetsa: Pazvikamu apo njanji inofamba yakaenzana mukati memamita gumi nemashanu kubva padivi pemugwagwa, uye mota inosiya mugwagwa inogona kuwira muchitima ichikonzera tsaona yechipiri, kana zvikamu zviri padyo nemadziva, madhishi emafuta, zviteshi zvemagetsi, nzvimbo dzekudzivirira mvura yekunwa, nezvimwe, zvinoda dziviriro yakakosha, njanji dzinofanira kuisirwa kana nhanho yavo yekupokana inofanira kuwedzerwa.
Buda Ramp Triangular Nzvimbo uye Diki Radius Curves: Mumigwagwa mikuru uye yeKirasi I, njanji dzinofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo dzine mativi matatu enzira dzekubuda nadzo uye nechekunze kwenzira diki dzeradius curves, sezvo mota dzinenge dzichida kutsauka kubva munzira munzvimbo idzi, dzinoda kuchengetedzwa.

4.2 Nheyo uye Zviitiko zveCentral Median Guardrail Installation

Central median guardrails anonyanya kushandiswa kupatsanura nzira dzinopikisa dzemigwagwa, kudzivirira mota kuti dzisayambuka, uye zvakare kutungamira traffic uye anti-glare mabasa.

Kuparadzaniswa kweNzira uye Nhungamiro Yemotokari: Chinangwa chikuru chepakati pepakati pekuchengetedza migwagwa ndeyekuparadzanisa nzira dzetraffic munzira dzinopikisa (dzakatwasuka) uye kutungamira kuona kwemutyairi, kuve nechokwadi chekurongeka uye nekuchengetedzeka kwekufamba kwetraffic.
Central Median Openings: Pakati pepakati pepakati pekuvhura madziro ekuvhura anofanirwa kuisirwa pakati pepakati pekuvhura mumigwagwa mikuru kuti inyatsovhara mazaru, kudzivirira mota kuita ma-U-turn kana kuyambuka zvisina tsarukano, uye nekuona kuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa. Upamhi hwepakati pepakati chinhu chakakosha kutariswa mune guardrail dhizaini. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mukugadzira maguardrail masisitimu, pane dambudziko rekugadzirisa pakati pekushanda kwenzvimbo, kudhura-kuita, uye kuchengetedza kuita. Mumadhorobha kana munzvimbo dzakamanikidzwa migwagwa mikuru, iyo yepanyama tsoka yeguardrail system chinhu chakakosha dhizaini.
Anti-glare Applications: Anti-glare zvivakwa, senge anti-glare nets, anti-glare panels, metal nets, kana miti yakadyarwa pakati (eg, privet, azaleas), yakaiswa pamidhiyani guardrails kudzivirira kupenya kubva kune ari kuuya malights emotokari kubva pakukanganisa vatyairi, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye kutsetseka kwekufamba husiku. Anti-glare zvivakwa sechikamu chepakati pepakati pekuchengetedza dhizaini inoratidza kuti guardrail dhizaini inotarisisa kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze (senge ari kuuya ekupenya kwemwenje) pakuchengetedza mutyairi uye anogona kudzikisira kuburikidza nekurinda. Izvi zvinowedzera huwandu hwekushanda hwemaguardrails kupfuura kungodzivirira kudhumhana kwemuviri.
Nyaya Yekudzidza: Parutivi rwemukati rwemabhiriji, kunze kwezvikamu zvine anti-litter nets, anti-glare panels inogona kuiswa, kazhinji yakagadzirwa negreen synthetic resin kana fiberglass, ine chaiyo anti-glare angles kuti ivhare kupenya.

4.3 Mamiriro Ekushandisa eBridge Guardrails

Mabhiriji anorinda akaiswa kudzivirira mota kuti dzisadonha kubva pamazambuko. Mafungiro avo ekugadzira akanyanya kuomarara, zvinoda kuongororwa kwakazara kwekukwirira kwebhiriji, nharaunda pazasi pebhiriji, huwandu hwetraffic, uye aesthetic zvinodiwa.

Kudzivirira Mota kubva Kudonha Kubva Mabhiriji: Basa rekutanga remabhiriji ekurinda (akaita semadziro emadziro, kureva, akasimbiswa kongiri madziro anorinda) ndeekudzivirira mota kuti dzisabva padhaka rebhiriji, kunyanya pamabhiriji marefu, zvikamu zvine mvura yakadzika pazasi, kana zvikamu zvekuyambuka njanji kana nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, idzo nzvimbo dzine njodzi.
Bridge Central Medians: Kune mabhiriji ane span imwe chete kana mabhiriji ane majoini ekuwedzera chete pakati pezvipamhi uye simba rakakwana redhisiki, maredhi epakati epakati anofanirwa kugadzirwa achirevera misimboti yepakati pepakati pemidhidhirairi pazvikamu zveroadbed.
Special Bridges:

Simbi Mamiriro Mabhiriji uye Kana Kuderedza Bridge Dead Load Inodiwa: Metal beam-column guardrails inokurudzirwa nekuda kwehuremu hwadzo hureruke, hunoisa mudiki wekuwedzera mutoro pane bhiriji chimiro.
Mabhiriji ane Special Aesthetic Zvinodiwa kana Urban Roads: Metal beam-column guardrails kana akasanganiswa magadhi anokurudzirwa kuenzanisa aesthetics uye basa rekudzivirira. Maitiro ekusarudzira mabhiriji ekurinda ane mativi akawanda, kusanganisira kwete chete anti-kudhumhana kuita asiwo kurongeka kwemutoro (semuenzaniso, kusarudza simbi pamusoro pekongiri magadhi ekudzikisira bhiriji kuzviremera) uye aesthetic maitiro. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti dhizaini yezvivakwa idambudziko rakaomarara rekugadzirisa iro rinoda kuenzanisa kuchengetedzwa, zvipingamupinyi zveinjiniya, uye kubatanidzwa kwemaguta/zvakatipoteredza.
Zvikamu zviri Pedyo kana Kuyambuka Nzvimbo dzine Special Dziviriro Zvinodiwa: Zvakadai senjanji huru, madhamu, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mafuta, zviteshi zvemagetsi, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura yekunwa, mabhiriji ekuchengetedza mabhiriji anofanirwa kuve nemamiriro ekudhumhana akatemerwa uye kugadzirwa zvine hunyanzvi, kunyangwe kuwedzera mwero wedziviriro kuHB, kubata nenjodzi dzechipiri. Semuyenzaniso, kumabhiriji anoyambuka nzvimbo hombe dzekutanga dzemvura yekunwa dzinodzivirirwa, mabhiriji akarembera, mabhiriji ane tambo, uye mamwe mabhiriji anotsigirwa netambo, HB-level dziviriro inokurudzirwa. Izvi zvinodikanwa pamazinga ekudzivirira epamusoro pamabhiriji, kunyanya aya anoyambuka nzvimbo dzakaoma , zvinoratidza hurongwa hwekuongorora njodzi husingatarisi mhedzisiro yekudhumhana chete asiwo njodzi inogona kuitika yechipiri (semuenzaniso, kuparara kwechitima, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza). Izvi zvinoratidza kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenjodzi dzehurongwa muzvivakwa zvekufambisa.

4.4 Mamiriro ekushandisa eTunnel Entrance / Exit Guardrails

Tunnel yekupinda nekubuda inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuchinja munzvimbo yemugwagwa, uye kuisirwa kweguardrail pano kunoda kutariswa zvakanyanya kumutyairi kuona kuchinjika uye shanduko yehunhu.

Shanduko uye Kubatana neRoadbed/Bridge Guardrails: Mukoto wekupinda/kubuda nawo inzvimbo dzinowanzoita tsaona. Ma Guardrails pano anofanirwa kugadzirwa ane zvikamu zvekuchinja kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchinja kwakatsetseka mukuoma, kureba, kuyambuka-chikamu chimiro, uye chinzvimbo chine padyo neroadbed kana mabhiriji ekurinda, kudzivirira njodzi nyowani dzekuchengetedza. Chinosungirwa chinodiwa che "zvikamu zveshanduko" uye nehafu yenzvimbo yepositi pamikova/yekubuda napo inoratidza kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinoonekwa senzvimbo dzine tsaona huru nekuda kwekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitika munharaunda yekutyaira (chiedza, kuoneka, geometry) uye maitiro emutyairi. Izvi zvinoratidzira kukosha kwekufunga nezvepfungwa nemafungiro mukugadzirwa kwemigwagwa, kwete zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri chete.

Nyaya Yekudzidza: Guardrails pamikova yetunnel inogona kutariswa sechikamu chekuchinja kubva paroadbed kana mabhiriji ekurinda kusvika kune tunnel madziro chinzvimbo, kuti uwane kubatana kwakatsetseka.
Nyaya Yekudzidza: Mukati memamita gumi nematanhatu eparutivi rwenzira yekupinda/kubuda napo, nzvimbo yeposvo yeW-beam simbi inorinda inofanira kuderedzwa nepakati kuti iwedzere kudzivirira kwenzvimbo ino pakurwisana kungangoitika.
Yemukati Yekuchengetedza Nhungamiro muTunnels: Reflective mhete, solar LED inopenya mwenje, nezvimwewo, inogona kuiswa mukati mematanho kutsanangura zvakajeka mugero wekuratidzira, kuwedzera kupenya, kuwedzera kutungamira kwekutyaira, uye panguva imwe chete kuderedza mashandisiro emagetsi ekuvhenekesa, kuwana mabhenefiti maviri ekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.⁵ Tsika yekubatanidza mwenje wepamberi uye masisitimu ekutungamira (senge solar indicators, reflective rings) mukati metunnels haingokwidzi chengetedzo chete asi inotarisawo kushanda nesimba uye kubatsira kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinoratidza nzira yeinjiniya yakazara yakanangana nekugadzirisa zvibodzwa zvakawanda panguva imwe chete, kutyaira zvivakwa kuenda ku "smart" budiriro.

5. Special Application Scenarios for Urban Road Guardrails

Mashandisirwo emigwagwa yemigwagwa yemaguta anosiyana nemigwagwa mikuru, achitarisa zvakanyanya pakuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kwakachengeteka kwevanofamba netsoka uye mota dzisina mota, kuchengetedza kurongeka kwetraffic, uye kurongeka pamwe neaesthetics yemudhorobha.

5.1 Kushandiswa kwePedestrian Guardrails

Vanofamba netsoka zvivakwa zvakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka mumigwagwa yemudhorobha, yakagadzirirwa kutungamira maitiro evanofamba netsoka uye kudzivirira kudonha netsaona.

Kudzivirira Vanofamba Netsoka Kubva Pakuyambuka Mikoto YeMotokari: Nzira dzevanofamba netsoka dzinofanirwa kuiswa mumativi emigwagwa apo vanofamba netsoka vanoda kudziviswa kuyambuka nzira dzemotokari, kunyanya pamharadzano dzenzira, asi dzinofanira kuvhiringwa panoyambuka vanofamba netsoka kuti vafambe netsoka.
Kudzivirira Vanofamba Netsoka Kuti Varege Kuwira Munzvimbo Ine Njodzi: Vanofamba netsoka vanofanira kuiswa kana paine musiyano wehurefu pakati penzira yemugwagwa nepasi iri padyo (inodarika 0.5 metres) kana njodzi yekudonha kwevanofamba netsoka, pamwe nekurutivi rwekunze rwenzira dzemabhiriji.

Urefu Zvinodiwa: Kureba kwakajeka kwevanofamba netsoka mumigwagwa hakufanire kunge kuri pasi pe1.10 metres, uye kwete kuderera kupfuura 0.90 metres. Kana divi rakashama rebhiriji riri nzira yakasanganiswa yevanofamba netsoka/isina mota kana nzira yemotokari isiri-motor, kureba kwakajeka kwevanofamba netsoka kunofanira kunge kwakakura kudarika 1.40 metres kudzivirira vatasvi kuti vasadonha pamusoro penzira yevarindi.
Zvimiro Zvinodiwa: Munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzekudonha, chinhambwe chakajeka pakati penhengo dzakamira dzenjanji hachifanirwe kudarika 0.11 metres, uye zvimiro zvine nzvimbo dzekutsika hazvifanirwe kushandiswa. Matanho ekudzivirira hari dzemaruva kubva pakudonha dzinofanirawo kunge dziripo kudzivirira kukuvara kwechipiri. Uyu wakadzama mutemo pamusoro pevanofamba netsoka guardrail kureba uye vertical bar spacing, pamwe nezvinodiwa kudzivirira zvivakwa zvinokwirika, zvinoratidza kutarisisa kwakanatswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanofamba netsoka. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vagadziri havangotarise kudzivirira kudonha chete asi vanoongororawo mukudzivirira kukwira, kuvharirwa, uye dzimwe njodzi dzechipiri, kunyanya kumapoka ari munjodzi sevana, zvichiratidza kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro evanofamba netsoka munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzemaguta uye yekudzivirira dhizaini mafungiro.
Nzvimbo Dzakakwirira dzevanofamba netsoka: Maturusi evanofamba netsoka anofanirwa kuisirwa padivi pemikoto yemotokari munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba netsoka, sezviteshi, madocks, overpass yevanofamba netsoka uye yepasi pekupinda/pokubuda napo, nenzvimbo dzekutengeserana, kutungamira mafambiro evanofamba netsoka uye kuona kuchengeteka.

5.2 Kushandiswa kweNharaunda Yemotokari Isiri Yemotokari

Zvisiri-motorized mota lane guardrails zvinonyanya kushandiswa kupatsanura mota dzine mota kubva kune dzisiri mota, uye dzisiri-motor mota kubva kune vanofamba netsoka, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza bhasikoro.

Kupatsanura Mota Dzine Motokari kubva kune Dzisiri Mota: Guardrails anoshandiswa kupatsanura vatyairi vebhasikoro kubva kumotokari dzine mota, kudzivirira mota dzine mota kuti dzisapinda munzira dzemotokari dzisiri dzemotokari uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwemabhasikoro.
Kupatsanura Mota Dzisina Motokari kubva kune Vanofamba netsoka: Ikoko pasina nzira yekupaka padyo nemugwagwa webhasikoro uye kumhanya kwemotokari kwakadzikira kwakadzikira, njanji dzekuchengetedza dzinogona kuiswa kuti dziparadzanise vatyairi nemabhasikoro kubva kune vanofamba netsoka, ukuwo ichidzivirira vanofamba netsoka kupinda mugwara remabhasikoro, kudzivirira kukakavara kunokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwemigwagwa.
Dziviriro paMugwagwa Wakakosha Zvikamu: Munzvimbo idzo dzinodzivirira kudhumhana pamikova, pamharadzano, kana panopindwa napo/pokubuda nadzo dzinokanganisa chinhambwe chekuona kwemutyairi, simbi dzesimbi-column guardrails, dzakasanganiswa magadhi, kana W-beam magadhi ane kujeka ari nani anokurudzirwa kuenzanisa kuchengeteka uye kuona.
Design Principles: Zvinokurudzirwa kupatsanura bhasikoro nevanofamba netsoka kuburikidza nemaka kana nzira dzakatsaurwa, ine hudiki dhizaini upamhi hwemamita matatu enzira mbiri dzemabhasikoro uye 3 metres yenzira dzevanofamba netsoka.

Pedyo nezviteshi zvemabhazi, mikoto yemabhasikoro inogona kukwirisa senzira dzemumativi kana migwagwa, asi dzinofanira kusimudzwa kuenda kudivi renzira kureba pachishandiswa marambi ari pedyo nekumira kuitira kuti zvive nyore kune vanofamba netsoka kuwana nzvimbo dzekumira mabhazi.
Mharadzano dzinofanirwa kunyatsogadzirwa kuti dzideredze kumhanya kwemotokari, kudzora mota dzinopinda pamharadzano, uye kuseta zvikwangwani zvakakodzera kuderedza kusawirirana kungangoitika.

5.3 Guardrail Applications muTemporary Traffic Management

Kuchengetedza kwechinguvana kunoita basa rakakosha munzvimbo dzekuvaka, zviitiko zvakakura, uye manejimendi ekukurumidzira, anoshandiswa kutungamira traffic, kuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo, uye kuchengetedza kuchengetedza.

Nzvimbo dzeKugadzira Mugwagwa:

Isolation Facilities: Conical traffic markers, magadhi, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe zvinofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo dzemumaguta mabasa ekuvaka migwagwa kuti aparadzanise mota dzine mota, dzisiri mota, uye dzinofamba netsoka, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekuvaka uye kurongeka kwemigwagwa.
Boundary Marking uye Yambiro: Nhumbi dzenguva pfupi dzinogona kushandiswa kutara miganhu, kunyanya mumapurojekiti enguva refu, kutsiva njanji dzevanofamba netsoka uye makoni emumigwagwa kupatsanura nzira dzemotokari kubva kune dziri pedyo nemigwagwa kana nzvimbo dzekugadzira migwagwa. Nhepfenyuro dzenguva pfupi dzinofanirwa kucherechedzwa zvakajeka, dziine tsvuku nechena kana mamwe mitsara inotaridza mutsauko yakatarisana nekuuya kwetraffic, uye marambi ekuyambira anoiswa husiku kuti ave nechokwadi chekuonekwa siku nesikati. Zvipingamupinyi zvinozadzwa nemvura zvinowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya nekuda kwekugadzikana kwavo uye nyore kufamba.
Kubvisa uye Kudzoreredza Kwenguva: Zvivako zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza hazvifanirwe kubviswa zvisina tsarukano, kubatwa zvisizvo, kana kusiiwa; kana kubviswa kwenguva pfupi kuchidikanwa nekuda kwemaitiro ekuvaka, zvivakwa zvekudzivirira zvenguva pfupi zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa, uye nekukurumidza kudzoserwa mushure mekuita kwapera.
Zviitiko Zvakakura Zveruzhinji:

Kutungamira uye Kudzora Kweboka: Muzviitiko zvakakura zveveruzhinji, varongi vanofanirwa kumisa nzira dzekupinda uye dzekubuda nesainzi zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzvimbo, kutora nzira dzekufamba-famba kana kusadzoka kutungamira kuyerera kwevatyairi, kutsausa zvine mutsindo, kudzivirira mafambiro ekupindana, uye kudzivirira kutsvikinyidzana.²⁵ Kana zvichidikanwa, varongi vanofanirwa kuhaya mirairi yevarindi, yakavharirwa, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kuti dzivhare nzvimbo yacho kana kudzora vashandi.
Safety Buffering uye Emergency Response: Vanoronga chiitiko vanofanirwa kumisa nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza nzvimbo panzvimbo iyi kuti vaderedze kumanikidzana kwevanhu kana kuburitsa vashandi munguva dzenjodzi. Kana kuwanda kwevanhu kwakawandisa kana kukonzeresa kutsika, dhizaini yedunhu rinofanirwa kumiswa nekukasira, chiitiko chinomiswa, uye tambo yekunze inoitwa, ichibvumira kubuda chete.
Traffic Diversion uye Sangano: Munguva yekuwedzera mugwagwa, kuvaka patsva, uye mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa, kuchinjisa traffic uye basa resangano rinofanirwa kuitwa zvine mutsindo panguva yekugadziridza njanji kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka. Kune zviitiko zvakakura, kana zvingakanganisa traffic yakatenderedza uye kurongeka kweveruzhinji, varongi vanofanirwa kugadzira gwara remigwagwa uye zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa.

6. Mhedziso

Highway guardrails, sechikamu chakakosha chenzira yekuchengetedza traffic traffic, ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisirwo uye mabasa akasiyana-siyana, anosvika kure kupfuura kungozviparadzanisa nevamwe. Chirevo ichi, kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama kwemashandisirwo emumigwagwa, pakati pepakati, mabhiriji, tunnels, pamwe nemigwagwa yemudhorobha uye mukutonga kwenguva pfupi mumigwagwa, inoratidza basa ravo guru mukuona kuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa, kutungamira mafambiro emigwagwa, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwenjodzi.

Dhizaini uye kusarudzwa kwemaguardrails akaomesesa einjiniya ekuita sarudzo anoda kutariswa kwakadzama kwemigwagwa geometric maitiro, huwandu hwetraffic, kuumbwa kwemotokari, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye mhedzisiro yetsaona. Semuyenzaniso, muzvikamu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya senge ma curve akapinza, materu, uye mikombero yakakwira, mwero wedziviriro wezvivharo zvinofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvakafanira, zvichiratidza huzivi hwekugadzira hune simba hunobva pakuongorora njodzi. Kusarudzwa kwemabhiriji ekurinda haafanire kungosangana nekuita kwekudzivirira-kudhumhana asiwo kufunga nezvemaitiro ekuremerwa uye zvinoyevedza zvinodiwa, kunyanya pakuyambuka njanji, madhamu, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma, uko danho redziviriro rinoda kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya kuti ribatane nenjodzi inogona kuitika yechipiri. Guardrail dhizaini pamikoto yekupinda / yekubuda inosimbisa shanduko uye nhungamiro yekuona kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nevatyairi panguva yekuchinja kwechiedza uye nharaunda.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza mutekinoroji yeGuardrail, sekushandiswa kweakasanganiswa magadhi uye kutenderera anodzivirira kurovera mbiya, inoratidza kuedza kuri kuitika muinjiniya yetraffic kusimudzira mashandiro ekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa mutengo, uye kuona kuenderana kwezvakatipoteredza. Aya maitiro ebudiriro anoratidza kuti ramangwana guardrail masisitimu anozove akangwara, akabatanidzwa, uye anokwanisa zvirinani kuchinjika kune yakaoma uye nekuchinja nharaunda dzetraffic. Nzira dzevanofamba netsoka uye dzisiri dzemotokari dzinorinda mumigwagwa yemudhorobha dzinoratidza dziviriro yakanatswa yevashandisi vemigwagwa vari munjodzi (vanofamba netsoka, vanochovha mabhasikoro), vachivaka nzvimbo dzakachengeteka uye dzakarongeka dzemumaguta kuburikidza nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kutungamira maitiro.

Muchidimbu, mamiriro ekushandisa emigwagwa mikuru yekurinda ane akawanda-dimensional uye systemic. Dhizaini yavo uye kuita haisi matambudziko ehunyanzvi chete asiwo chimiro chakadzama che "vanhu-vanotungamirwa, kuchengetedza kutanga" huzivi hwetraffic. Nekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwekudiwa kwetraffic uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, basa remaguardrails mukuona kuti kuchengetedzwa mumigwagwa richaramba richishanduka, richienda kune mamwe maitiro, akangwara, uye anotarisana nevanhu.