Umbiko Ophelele Wokuhlaziya Ngezimo Zokufaka Isicelo Se-Highway Guardrail

1. Abstract

Lo mbiko uhlose ukubuyekeza ngokuphelele kanye nokuhlaziya ngokujulile izimo ezehlukene zezicelo zezinsimbi zokuqapha umgwaqo omkhulu ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuvikela ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Njengezindawo ezibalulekile zokuphepha emgwaqeni, ama-guardrails asebenza ngaphezu kokuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba. Anciphisa kakhulu izinga lezingozi zomgwaqo futhi anciphise abalimala ngokumunca amandla okushayisana, aziqondise ngokuphumelelayo izimoto, aqondise amehlo omshayeli, abeke imingcele ukuwela abahamba ngezinyawo. Umbiko uzochaza kabanzi ngezimiso nokucatshangelwa kokufakwa kwe-guardrail ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zemigwaqo emikhulu njengasemigwaqweni, emideni emaphakathi, nezindawo zokungena/zokuphuma zebhuloho nemhubhe, udlulele ekusetshenzisweni okukhethekile kwemizila yezimoto ezihamba ngezinyawo nezingezona izimoto emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni.

Idizayini nokukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokuqapha akusekelwe ekucatshangelweni okukodwa kodwa kulungiswa ngokushintshashintshayo ngokuya ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezici zejiyomethri yomgwaqo, umthamo wethrafikhi, ukwakheka kwemoto, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zezingozi. Isibonelo, kumajika acijile, emithambekeni ewumqansa, noma ezingxenyeni eziphakeme, izinga lokuvikela lezinsimbi zokuqapha lidinga ukukhushulwa ngokufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-Guardrail, njengokusetshenziswa kwemigqomo ezungezayo yokuvikela ukushayisana kanye nemigqa yokuqapha ehlanganisiwe, kukhombisa ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwezobunjiniyela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuphepha, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwemvelo. Le ntuthuko ikhombisa inkambiso eya ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda ngobuchule futhi esimeme.

2. Isingeniso

2.1 Iqhaza Nokubaluleka Kwezivikelo Ezinhlelweni Zokuvikela Ukuphepha Emgwaqeni

Imigwaqo yomgwaqo enguthelawayeka iyingxenye yokuphepha ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yezokuthutha yesimanje, nomsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uwukuqinisekisa ngokukhuthala noma ngokungenzi lutho ukuphepha kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Ngokombono wokuvikela ongenzi lutho, umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinsimbi zokuqapha uwukuvimbela izimoto ezingalawuleki ukuthi ziphambuke endleleni ezihlosiwe, zizigweme ukuthi zingaphumi eceleni komgwaqo, zingangeni emigwaqweni ephambanayo, noma ziwe zisuka ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu njengamabhuloho noma izakhiwo eziphakeme, ngaleyo ndlela kunqandwe ngempumelelo izingozi zomgwaqo ezinzima. Le nqubo yokuvikela imunca amandla amakhulu akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushayisana kwezimoto futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zivinjwa ngokuphumelelayo noma ziqondiswe kabusha ngemva komthelela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukulimala kwabagibeli nokulimala kwempahla.

Nokho, indima yonogada idlulela ngale kwalokhu. Ziphinde futhi zinikeze umsebenzi wokuqondisa ukuphepha osebenzayo, isibonelo, ngesakhiwo sazo esiqhubekayo esiqondisa ukubona komshayeli, ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma ezimweni zezulu ezingezinhle ngokubonakala okuphansi, ukuhlinzeka abashayeli imingcele yomgwaqo ecacile kanye neziqondiso eziqondisayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengezindawo ezihlala zodwa, ama- guardrail avimbela abahamba ngezinyawo ukuthi bawele imizila yezimoto ngokungakhethi, bagcine ukuhleleka kwezimoto kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Le ndima ekabili—ukuvikela okwenziwayo kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo—ihlanganisa isimiso esiyinhloko “sokuthambekela kubantu, ukuphepha kuqala” ekwakhiweni kokuphepha emgwaqeni. Lesi simiso sibeka kuqala ukuphila komuntu futhi sinciphise ukulimala, sidlule ubuqotho besakhiwo noma ukucatshangelwa kokusebenza kahle kwethrafikhi, futhi sibe ukubaluleka komphakathi okugxiliswe ngokujulile ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda. Idizayini ye-Guardrail ayigxili kuphela ekuphenduleni okuguquguqukayo kwezimoto phakathi nezingozi kodwa futhi ihlolisisa nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha komuntu kanye nombono, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe uhlelo olubanzi nolucolisekile lokuvikela ukuphepha emgwaqeni.

2.2 Bika izinjongo, ububanzi, kanye nesakhiwo

Lo mbiko uhlose ukubuyekeza ngokuphelele izimo zokusetshenziswa kwemigwaqo eqapha umgwaqo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlaziya ngokujulile izici zabo zokusebenza, izimiso zokuklama, nokucatshangelwa kokukhetha. Ububanzi bombiko buzofaka izicelo ze- guardrail emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka, imigwaqo yasemadolobheni, kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yesikhashana, futhi uzohlola umthelela wako ekuphepheni kwezimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nezimoto okungezona izimoto. Isakhiwo sombiko sizonaba ngokuhlelekile mayelana nemisebenzi ye-Guardrail, izigaba, izimo zesicelo ezijwayelekile, ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini, nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, silwela ukuhlinzeka ngereferensi egunyaziwe nesebenzayo yochwepheshe emikhakheni efanele.

3. Imisebenzi Eyisisekelo kanye Nokuhlelwa Kweziqaphi

3.1 Imisebenzi Esemqoka Yezokuphepha Yeziqaphi

Abaqaphi badlala izindima eziningi ezibalulekile ekuphepheni kwethrafikhi emgwaqeni, nemisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ehlanganisa:

• Ukuvimbela ukuchezuka kwemoto, ukungena, ukuhambahamba, noma ukugijima kancane: Lona umsebenzi oyisisekelo futhi obaluleke kakhulu wezinsimbi zokuqapha. Lapho imoto ichezuka endleleni yayo yokushayela evamile ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene (isb, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, ukushayela ngokukhathala, isivinini), imigwaqo yokuqapha ingayivimba ngokuphumelelayo, ivimbele imoto ukuthi ingaphumi eceleni komgwaqo, ingene emigwaqweni ephikisayo, noma iwe ezindaweni eziphakeme njengamabhuloho noma izakhiwo eziphakeme, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe izingozi ezimbi kakhulu.
• Ukuthola amandla okushayisana ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwezingozi: Ama-Guardrails aklanyelwe ukumunca amandla okushayisana kwemoto ngokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sawo noma, kwezinye izimo, ngokuphoqa imoto ukuthi ikhuphuke. Le nqubo yokumuncwa kwamandla inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo amandla okushayisana kwemoto kanye nabagibeli bayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe abalimala nokulimala kwempahla. Umklamo we-Guardrail awugxili kuphela ekuvimbeleni izimoto ukuba zishiye umgwaqo kodwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ekulawuleni imiphumela ngemva kokuba imoto ishiye umgwaqo, okuhlanganisa ukunciphisa ukulimala kwabantu kanye nokuvimbela izingozi zesibili. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi idizayini ye-guardrail ibandakanya ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuguquguquka kwezimoto kanye ne-biomechanics yabantu ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela ephephile ezimeni zokushayisana.
• Ukuqondisa isiqondiso semoto nokugcina isimo sokushayela esivamile: Abaqaphi kufanele babe nekhono elihle lokuqondisa, okusho ukuthi ngemva kokuba imoto ishayisana, kufanele bayiqondise kahle iphindele lapho iya ngakhona, bavimbele imoto ukuba ingagingqiki, ijike, noma ezinye izimo eziyingozi ezingaholela ezingozini zesibili. Ukusebenza kwebhafa nokusebenza okuqondisayo kwama-Guardrails kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuphumelela kokuphepha kwazo.
• Ukuqondisa ukubona komshayeli nokuvimbela ukuwela abahamba ngezinyawo: Ukwakheka okuqhubekayo kwama-guardrails kubalulekile ekuqondiseni amehlo omshayeli, ikakhulukazi ebusuku noma esimweni sezulu esingesihle, njengoba kuthuthukisa ukubonakala komgwaqo futhi kusiza abashayeli ukuthi bagcine lapho beshayela khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengesithiyo esibonakalayo, ama-guard rails avimbela abahamba ngezinyawo ukuba bawele umgwaqo ngokungakhethi, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ukuhleleka kwezimoto nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kwezici zemvelo (ezifana nokuxhopha kwelambu) nokuziphatha komuntu (ukubona komshayeli, ukuwela abahamba ngezinyawo) kunweba ububanzi bokusebenza kwama-Guardrails, okuwenza abe ingxenye yokulawula ubungozi enezici eziningi ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokuphepha emgwaqeni, ngale kokuvikela ukushayisana nje ngokomzimba.

3.2 Izinhlobo Zesakhiwo kanye Nezici Zokugada

Ama-Guardrails afika ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo, futhi ukukhetha kwawo ngokuvamile kuncike endaweni yomgwaqo, izidingo zedizayini, nezinga lokuvikela elilindelwe. Ngokusekelwe kwizinga lokuwohloka ngemva kokushayisana, ama-guardrails angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo eziqinile, eziqinile, nezivumelana nezimo.

• I-Guardrail Eqinile:

• Ummeleli Omkhulu: Izindonga zikakhonkolo.
• Izici: Iqinile ngokwesakhiwo, ayigogeki kalula uma ishayisana, imunca amandla okushayisana ngokuphoqa imoto ukuthi ikhuphuke. Ngenxa yesimo sazo esiqinile, zivimbela ukungena kwemoto, kodwa umthelela emotweni nakubantu abaphakathi ngesikhathi ishayisana ungaba mkhulu.
• Izimo Ezisebenzayo Ezivamile: Ifanele izigaba lapho kudingeka khona ukuwohloka okuncane noma ukungqubuzana okunamandla amakhulu kumele kubekezeleleke, okufana nokuphakathi kwemigwaqo emikhulu, izinhlangothi zangaphandle zamabhuloho, nezingxenye ezinengxenye ephezulu yezimoto ezinkulu.
• I-Semi-Rigid Guardrails:

• Ummeleli Omkhulu: I-W-beam guardrails kanye ne-box boam guardrails.
• Izici: Iba nezinga elithile lokuwohloka phezu komthelela, imunca amandla ngalokhu kuguga, kuyilapho inesiqondiso esihle, okuvumela izimoto ezishayisanayo zibuyele ngokushelela endleleni yazo evamile yokushayela. I-W-beam guardrails iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu.
• Izimo Ezisebenzayo Ezivamile: Isetshenziswa kakhulu emigwaqweni, emideni emaphakathi, nakwezinye izimo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezidinga ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kokuvikela nesikhala esithile sokuguga.
• I-Flexible Guardrails:

• Ummeleli Omkhulu: Izintambo zokuvikela ikhebula.
• Izici: Isekelwa izintambo eziqinile (izintambo zensimbi), ezinamandla okushintshashintsha, ezimunca ngempumelelo amandla okushayisana. Inzuzo yabo isekugcineni okusebenzayo kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwemoto. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwawo okukhulu, azifanele izigaba ezine-curve radii encane.
• Izimo Ezisebenzayo Ezivamile: Ifanele izigaba ezidinga isikhala esikhulu sebhafa nalapho izidingo zokuguqulwa zithambile.

Amanothi Ezengezo Ngamafomu Avamile Esakhiwo:

• I-W-beam Guardrails: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesivimbelo sokuzivikela, esihlanganisa imishayo enguthayela yesigaba esiphambanayo nezisekelo ezingamacylindrical, ezinezinzuzo zokufakwa okulula nokulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
• I-Box Beam Guardrails: Sebenzisa insimbi enkulu emise okwebhokisi njengemishayo, efanele izihlukanisi ezincane.
• Ama-Guardrails ahlanganisiwe: Hlanganisa izinzuzo zezinto ezihlukile noma amafomu esakhiwo, njengama- W-beam steel guardrails ahlanganisiwe. Lawa ma-guardrails ahlose ukulinganisa izinjongo zokuklama eziningi, njengokuzuza amandla aphezulu okumelana nokushayisana (isb, ileveli ye-SBm) kuyilapho kusetshenziswa ububanzi bokushayela obuncane, kuhlinzeka ngemigqa emihle, kulula ukuyifaka, futhi kunezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nama-guardrails ahlanganisiwe athuthukile anemikhawulo ethile emandleni azo okuvikela. Isibonelo, kuma-semi-trailer asindayo angamathani angu-49 anamandla amakhulu okuqala e-kinetic, i-W-beam guardrails ingase ingakwazi ukumunca ngokugcwele amandla ngokuguqulwa kwawo futhi iwavimbele ukuthi angangeni phakathi nendawo emaphakathi.⁵ Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi njengoba inani lezimoto ezisindayo likhula, ubuchwepheshe obukhona be-Guardrail busabhekene nezinselelo, ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kubhekane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zokushayisana.

Izinsiza Ezisizayo:

Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo esiyinhloko, amasistimu e- guardrail avame ukuhlanganisa izinsiza ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha emgwaqeni:

• Izinsiza Zokulwa Nokukhanya: Kufakwe kuma-Guardrails amaphakathi, njengamanethi avikela ukucwazimula, amaphaneli avimbela ukucwazimula, amanetha ensimbi, noma izihlahla ezitshalwe endaweni emaphakathi (isb., i-privet, azaleas), okuhloswe ngayo ukuvimbela ukukhanya okuvela ezilambuni zezimoto ezizayo ukuthi zingathinti abashayeli, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwethrafikhi ephephile futhi ebushelelezi ebusuku. Isibonelo, ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwamabhuloho, ngaphandle kwezigaba ezinamanetha aphikisana nodoti, ezinye izigaba zingafakwa nge-resin yokwenziwa eluhlaza noma amaphaneli e-fiberglass anti-glare, anama-engeli athile aphikisayo.
• Izinsiza ze-Buffer: Okufana nezigubhu zebhafa (imvamisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki eziphuzi ezigcwele amanzi), imiphongolo evimbela ukushayisana, noma amakhushini okuphahlazeka, afakwe ngaphambi kwezakhiwo ezingaguquki njengemiphetho yokuhlukana komgwaqo, izinsimbi eziseceleni komgwaqo, noma izimpawu zomgwaqo, ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umthelela wokushayisana kwezimoto nokuvimbela ukulimala kwabantu abaphakathi.
• Izinsiza Zesexwayiso: Amalambu akhanyayo afakwe lapho kuhlukana khona umgwaqo aphela ukuze axwayise abashayeli bezindawo zamagatsha. Izigxobo zeqhwa zifakwa ehlombe lesobunxele naphakathi kwemigwaqo njengeziqondiso ezibonakalayo neziqondiso zomsebenzi wokususa iqhwa lapho ukubonakala kungalungile ngenxa yeziphepho zeqhwa.

Ithebula 1: Izinhlobo Ze-Guardrail, Izimpawu Zazo Eziyinhloko, Nezimo Ezisebenzayo

Ukwahlukanisa	Uhlobo Lommeli Oyinhloko	Izici	Izimo Ezisebenzayo Ezivamile
I-Guardrails Eqinile	I-Concrete Guardrails	Ayikhubazeki kalula; imunca amandla ngokuphoqa izimoto ukuthi zikhuphuke; izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela, kodwa lingabangela umthelela omkhulu ezimotweni nakubantu abangaphakathi; elula ukugcinwa.	Amaphakathi; izinhlangothi zangaphandle zamabhuloho; izingxenye ezinenani eliphezulu lezimoto ezinkulu; izigaba ezidinga ukuguqulwa okuncane.
I-Semi-Rigid Guardrails	I-W-beam Guardrails, I-Box Beam Guardrails	Yenza ukuguqulwa okuthile phezu komthelela, ukumunca amandla ngokuguqulwa; isiqondiso esihle; uhlobo oluvame kakhulu; ukufakwa okulula nokulula, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu.	Imigwaqo; ama-central medians; amajika; ama-medians amancane (ugongolo lwebhokisi).
I-Guardrails Eguquguqukayo	I-Cable Guardrails	Ukuba namandla okuguga okubalulekile, amunca ngempumelelo amandla okushayisana; ukuvimbela okusebenzayo, ukunciphisa ukulimala kwemoto; azifanele izigaba ezine-curve radii encane.	Izigaba ezidinga isikhala esikhulu sebhafa.
Ama-Guardrails ahlanganisiwe	I-W-beam Steel Guardrails ehlanganisiwe, I-Metal Beam-Column Guardrails	Hlanganisa izinzuzo zezinto eziningi noma izakhiwo; thatha ububanzi obuncane bokushayela, imigqa emihle, ukufakwa kalula, izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa; ingahlangabezana nezidingo zobuhle; ukuvikelwa okulinganiselwe ezimotweni ezinzima kakhulu.	Imigwaqo yasemadolobheni; amabhuloho anezidingo ezikhethekile zobuhle; amabhuloho esakhiwo sensimbi; amajika omgwaqo, izimpambanomgwaqo, izindawo zokungena/zokuphuma ezithinta ibanga lokubona.

4. Izimo Zokusebenza Ezivamile Zeziqaphi Zomgwaqo Omkhulu

Ukufakwa kwama- guardrails omgwaqo kusekelwe ekuhlolweni okupheleleyo kwezici zejometri zomgwaqo, izimo zokusebenza kwethrafikhi, ubungozi bemvelo, kanye nemiphumela yezingozi ezingaba khona. Izimo zabo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezibalulekile njengemigwaqo, ama-medians aphakathi nendawo, kanye nokungena/okuphumayo kwebhuloho nomhubhe.

4.1 Izimiso Nezimo Zokufaka I-Guardrail Eseceleni Komgwaqo

Inhloso eyinhloko yezinsimbi zokuqapha eziseceleni komgwaqo ukuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingaphumi eceleni komgwaqo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni lapho kungaba nemiphumela emibi khona.

• Ama-Embankments aphezulu kanye nezigaba zokugcwalisa okuphezulu: Emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka ye-Class II nangaphezulu lapho i-slope gradient kanye nokuphakama komugqa kuwela ezindaweni ezithile ezinomthunzi (I-Zones I no-II), nasemigwaqweni enguthelawayeka ye-Class III kanye ne-IV e-Zone I, kufanele kufakwe izinsimbi zokuqapha eziseceleni komgwaqo ukuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingaphumi phezu kombhede futhi zidale izingozi zokuwa ezimbi kakhulu. Uma ujantshi uhambisana phakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 eceleni komgwaqo, futhi imoto eshiya umgwaqo ingase iwele kujantshi edala ingozi yesibili, kufanele kufakwe nezinsimbi zokuqapha. Le mfuneko ecacile yokuthuthukisa amazinga okuvikela i-guardrail ngokusekelwe ezicini zejiyomethri zomgwaqo (njengamajika acijile, amagquma, amagquma aphakeme) ibonisa isu lokulawula ubungozi. Kubonisa ukuthi idizayini ye-guardrail ayimile kodwa ilungiswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezingozi ezingokwemvelo zezigaba ezithile zomgwaqo, idlulela ngale kwemodeli yokuvikela “elingana nobukhulu obubodwa” iye kumklamo ocolisisiwe osuselwe ekuhloleni ubungozi.
• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: I-Gansu G212 kanye ne-S306 Highway Safety Life Protection Project ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha ezigabeni eziyingozi eziseceleni komgwaqo ngokuqinisa, ukuthuthukisa, noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezindawo zokuvikela ezikhona, ngokuqeda ngempumelelo izigaba ze-Class IV kanye ne-V ezinobungozi obukhulu.
• Amajika Acijile, Amajika Acijile Aqhubekayo, Nezigaba Ezinde Zokwehlela Eziphakeme: Lezi zingxenye zivame kakhulu ekulahlekelweni kokulawula kwezimoto ngenxa yokuqondanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi nobunzima bokulawula isivinini. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuvikela lezinsimbi zokugada ezimaphakathi kufanele zithuthukiswe ngokufanele, futhi nezinsimbi zokuqapha eziseceleni komgwaqo kufanele zithuthukiswe ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.

• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: Iphrojekthi yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka i-Henan Jiyuan S240 Jideng Line yengeze imigqa yokuqapha kakhonkolo eqinisiwe kanye ne-W-beam guardrails ejikeni elicijile nasezigabeni ezinde zokwehla umqansa, kulekelelwa imicu edumayo kanye nendawo egandayiwe ye-anti-skid enemibala. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinyathelo zokuvikela eziningi, njengokuhamba ngezinyawo okunemibala ephikisana nokushushuluza, imichilo ye-rumble, kanye nenhlanganisela yemigqa ejikelezayo yokuvikela imigqomo evikela ukushayisana enezinsimbi zokuqapha zendabuko, kukhombisa isu elinezendlalelo eziningi, elididiyelwe lokuvikela ukuphepha. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuphepha emgwaqeni okuphelele kuncike emphumeleni we-synergistic wezinyathelo ezisebenzayo (isb., izixwayiso ezibonwayo/ezizwakalayo) kanye nezinyathelo ezingenzi lutho (izithiyo zomzimba), esikhundleni sokuziqapha ngokwazo kuphela.
• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: Emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka i-Xinjiang G315, ezigabeni ezinamajika amaningi nezimoto ezinzima, imigqa yokuqapha i-W-beam yokuqala yathathelwa indawo imigoqo yokuvikela ukushayisana yohlobo lwe-RG-SA, kwanezelwa nezindawo zokupaka izimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nokunwetshwa kwamajika, ukuwohloka ngempumelelo amandla okushayisana kwezimoto nokuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingangeni ku- guardrail.

• Izigaba Eziseduze Nomzila Wesitimela, Imizimba Yamanzi, Izakhiwo Eziyingozi, noma Izindawo Ezibucayi: Ezingxenyeni lapho ujantshi uhamba ngokuhambisana phakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 eceleni komgwaqo, futhi imoto eshiya umgwaqo ingase iwele kujantshi wesitimela edala ingozi yesibili, noma izingxenye ezincikene namadamu, amadepho kawoyela, iziteshi zikagesi, izindawo zokuvikela imithombo yamanzi okuphuza, njll., ezidinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile, kufanele kufakwe izinsimbi zokugada noma izinga lazo lokulwa nokushayisana kufanele lenyuswe.
• Phuma Ezindaweni Ezingunxantathu We-Ramp kanye namaCurve Erediyasi Encane: Emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka kanye ne-Class I, imigwaqo yokuqapha kufanele ifakwe ezindaweni ezingunxantathu zerempu yokuphuma kanye nasohlangothini olungaphandle lwamajika erediyasi amancane, njengoba izimoto zijwayele ukuchezuka emzileni kulezi zindawo, ezidinga ukuvikelwa.

4.2 Izimiso Nezimo Zokufaka I-Central Median Guardrail

I-Central median guardrail isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlukanisa imizila yethrafikhi ephambanayo, ukuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingaweli, futhi inikeze iziqondiso zethrafikhi nemisebenzi emelene ne-glare.

• Ukuhlukaniswa komzila kanye nesiqondiso sethrafikhi: Injongo eyinhloko yezinsimbi zokuqapha ezimaphakathi iwukuhlukanisa imizila yethrafikhi ngezindlela eziphikisanayo (eziqondile) futhi iqondise amehlo omshayeli, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwethrafikhi okuhlelekile nokuphephile.
• Ukuvuleka kwe-Central Median: Izinsimbi zokuvula okumaphakathi okumaphakathi kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ezimaphakathi emigwaqweni emikhulu ukuze kuvalwe izimbobo ngempumelelo, kuvinjwe izimoto ekujikeni U-U noma ziwele ngokungakhethi, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwethrafikhi. Ububanzi be-central median buyinto ebalulekile ekuklanyweni kwe-Guardrail. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ekuklameni amasistimu e-Guardrail, kunenkinga yokwenza kahle phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwesikhala, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, nokusebenza kokuphepha. Ezingxenyeni zomgwaqo onguthelawayeka wasemadolobheni noma obambezeleke ngokwezindawo, indawo engokoqobo yesistimu ye-Guardrail iwumkhawulo obalulekile wedizayini.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulwa nokuxhopha: Izinsiza zokunqanda ukucwayiza, njengamanethi avimbela ukuxhopha, amaphaneli avimbela ukucwazimula, amanethi ensimbi, noma izihlahla ezitshalwe endaweni emaphakathi (isb., i-privet, azaleas), zifakwe kuma-super rails amaphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhanya okuvela ezilambuni zezimoto ezizayo ukuthi zingathinti abashayeli, kuqinisekiswe ukugcwala kwezimoto eziphephile futhi ezibushelelezi ebusuku. Izinsiza zokunqanda ukucwayiza njengengxenye yezinsimbi zokuvikela ezimaphakathi zibonisa ukuthi idizayini ye-guardrail icabangela umthelela wezinto zemvelo (njengokuxhopha kwelambu elizayo) ekuphepheni komshayeli futhi ingakunciphisa ngemivimbo yokuqapha. Lokhu kunweba ububanzi bokusebenza bezinsimbi zokuvikela ukudlula ukuvikela ukushayisana nje ngokomzimba.
• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: Ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamabhuloho, ngaphandle kwezigaba ezinamanethi avimbela udoti, amaphaneli avimbela ukuxhopha angafakwa, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-resin yokwenziwa eluhlaza noma i-fiberglass, anama-engeli athile aphikisayo ukuze avimbe ngempumelelo ukuxhopha.

4.3 Izimo Zokufaka Isicelo Se-Bridge Guardrails

Kufakwe amabhuloho okugada ukuvikela izimoto ukuthi zingawi emabhulohweni. Ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini yabo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobude bebhuloho, indawo engaphansi kwebhuloho, umthamo wethrafikhi, nezidingo zobuhle.

• Ukuvimbela Izimoto Ekuweni Amabhuloho: Indima eyinhloko yezinsimbi zokuqapha ibhuloho (njengezindonga zothango, okungukuthi, izindonga zodonga lukakhonkolo eziqinisiwe) ukuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingashiyi indawo yebhuloho, ikakhulukazi emabhulohweni aphakeme, izigaba ezinamanzi ajulile ngezansi, noma izingxenye eziwela ujantshi noma izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, okuyizindawo eziyingozi kakhulu.
• I-Bridge Central Medians: Kumabhuloho ane-span eyodwa noma amabhuloho anamajoyinti anwebekayo kuphela phakathi kobubanzi namandla anele edeski, imisindvo yokuqapha emaphakathi emaphakathi kufanele yakhelwe ireferensi yezimiso zemivimbo yokuvikela emaphakathi ezigabeni zombhede womgwaqo.
• Amabhuloho Akhethekile:

• Amabhuloho Esakhiwo Sensimbi Futhi Lapho Kuncishiswa I-Bridge Dead Load kuyadingeka: Izinsimbi zokuvikela ikholomu yensimbi ziyanconywa ngenxa yesisindo sazo esilula uma kuqhathaniswa, okubeka umthwalo owengeziwe omncane esakhiweni sebhuloho.
• Amabhuloho anezidingo ezikhethekile zobuhle noma imigwaqo yasemadolobheni: Izinsimbi zogada zekholomu yensimbi noma izinsimbi zokuqapha ezihlanganisiwe ziyanconywa ukuze kulinganiswe ubuhle nomsebenzi wokuvikela. Imibandela yokukhetha yama- guardrails ebhuloho anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela ukusebenza okunqanda ukushayisana kodwa nomthwalo wesakhiwo (isb, ukukhetha insimbi phezu kwezinsimbi zokugada zikakhonkolo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuzinza kwebhuloho) kanye nomthelela wobuhle. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukisa edinga ukuphepha okulingana, izithiyo zobunjiniyela, nokuhlanganiswa kwedolobha/imvelo.
• Izigaba ezincikene noma eziwela izindawo ezinezidingo zokuvikela eziyisipesheli: Okufana nomzila wesitimela oyinhloko, amadamu, amadepho kawoyela, iziteshi zikagesi, izindawo zokuvikela imithombo yamanzi okuphuza, imigwaqo egada amabhuloho kufanele ibe nezimo ezikhethekile zokushayisana ezinqunywe futhi zenziwe ngokukhethekile, ngisho nokukhulisa izinga lokuvikela ku-HB, ukuze kubhekwane nezingozi zesibili ezingase zibe yinhlekelele. Isibonelo, emabhulohweni awela izindawo ezinkulu zokuvikela umthombo wamanzi okuphuza, amabhuloho amakhulu kakhulu amisiwe, amabhuloho ahlala ngekhebula, namanye amabhuloho asekelwe ngekhebula, kunconywa ukuvikelwa kwezinga le-HB. Le mfuneko yamazinga aphezulu okuvikela emabhulohweni, ikakhulukazi lawo awela izindawo ezibucayi , ibonisa uhlaka lokuhlola ubungozi olungabheki nje kuphela imiphumela eqondile yokushayisana kodwa nemithelela yesibili engase ibe yinhlekelele (isb., ukudilika kwesitimela, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuqonda okujulile kwezingozi zesistimu kwingqalasizinda yezokuthutha.

4.4 Izimo Zokufaka Isicelo Sokungena Emhubheni/Iziqaphi Zokuphuma

Iminyango nokuphuma emhubheni kuyizindawo ezikhethekile zoshintsho endaweni yomgwaqo, futhi ukufakwa kwe-guardrail lapha kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuzivumelaniseni nokubukwa komshayeli kanye nezinguquko zokuziphatha.

• Ukushintsha kanye Nokuxhumana Neziqaphi Zombhede/Ibhuloho: Indawo yokungena/yokuphuma emhubheni yizindawo ezijwayele ukuba nezingozi. Ama-Guardrail lapha kufanele aklanywe ngezigaba zoshintsho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintshwa okushelelayo kokuqina, ukuphakama, ukuma okunqamula izingxenye ezithile, kanye nendawo enombhede womgwaqo noma oqaphe ibhuloho, ukugwema izingozi ezintsha zokuphepha. Imfuneko eyisibopho “yezingxenye zoshintsho” kanye nokwehliswa kwezikhala zezikhala ngohhafu ezindaweni zokungena/eziphumayo kubonisa ukuthi lezi zindawo zikhonjwa njengezindawo ezinezingozi eziningi ngenxa yezinguquko ezingazelelwe endaweni yokushayela (ukukhanya, ukubonakala, ijiyomethri) nokuziphatha komshayeli. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokucabangela izici ezingokwengqondo nezokubonwayo ekwakhiweni komgwaqo, hhayi nje izithiyo ezingokomzimba.

• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: Ama-Guardrail ezindaweni zokungena emhubheni angabhekwa njengengxenye yenguquko ye-guardrail ukusuka kumbhede womgwaqo noma emigwaqweni yokuqapha ibhuloho ukuya endaweni yodonga lomhubhe, ukuze kuzuzwe uxhumano olushelelayo.
• Ucwaningo lwesigameko: Ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-16 ohlangothini lombhede womgwaqo wemigudu yokungena/yokuphuma, isikhala seposi sama-W-beam steel guardrails kufanele sihliswe ngesigamu ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuvikela ale ndawo ngokumelene nokungqubuzana okungase kube khona.
• Isiqondiso Sokuphepha Kwangaphakathi Emihubheni: Izindandatho ezikhanyayo, izibani ezikhanyayo ze-solar LED, njll., zingafakwa ngaphakathi kwamathaneli ukuze kuchazwe ngokucacile uhlaka lomhubhe, ukwandisa ukukhanya, ukuthuthukisa isiqondiso sokushayela, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanyisa, ukuzuza izinzuzo ezimbili zokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.⁵ Umkhuba wokuhlanganisa ukukhanyisa okuthuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zokuqondisa (njengezinkomba zelanga, izindandatho ezikhanyayo) ngaphakathi emhubheni awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi ucabangela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Lokhu kukhombisa indlela yobunjiniyela ephelele okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa izinjongo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, iqhubekisela phambili ingqalasizinda entuthukweni “ehlakaniphile”.

5. Izimo Ezikhethekile Zokufaka Isicelo Seziqaphi Zasemadolobheni

Ukusetshenziswa kwemigwaqo yasemadolobheni kuyahluka emigwaqweni enguthelawayeka, kugxile kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni abantu abahamba ngezinyawo ngokuphephile nezimoto okungezona izimoto, ukugcinwa kokuhleleka kwezimoto, nokuxhumana nobuhle basemadolobheni.

5.1 Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinqola Zabahamba Ngezinyawo

Imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo iyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni, eklanyelwe ukuqondisa ukuziphatha kwabahamba ngezinyawo futhi ivimbele ukuwa ngengozi.

• Ukuvimbela Abahamba ngezinyawo Ekuweleni Imizila Yezimoto Ezinezimoto: Imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo kufanele ifakwe emigwaqweni lapho abahamba ngezinyawo kudingeka bavinjwe ukuba bawele imizila yezimoto, ikakhulukazi ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, kodwa kufanele baphazanyiswe ezimpambanweni zabahamba ngezinyawo ukuze kube lula ukunyakaza kwabahamba ngezinyawo.
• Ukuvimbela Abahamba ngezinyawo Ekuweleni Ezindaweni Eziyingozi: Izinsimbi zokuqapha zabahamba ngezinyawo kufanele zifakwe lapho kunomehluko wobude phakathi kwendlela eseceleni nephansi eliseduze (odlula amamitha angu-0.5) noma ingozi yokuwa yabahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nasohlangothini olungaphandle lwemigwaqo yebhuloho.

• Izimfuneko zobude: Ubude obucacile bezinsimbi zokuqapha abahamba ngezinyawo emgwaqeni akufanele bube ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1.10, futhi bungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-0.90. Uma uhlangothi oluvulekile lwebhuloho kuwumzila wemoto oxubile wabahamba ngezinyawo/okungezona izimoto noma umzila wezimoto okungezona izimoto, ubude obucacile bomgwaqo wokuqapha abahamba ngezinyawo kufanele bube ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1.40 ukuvimbela abagibeli ukuthi bangaweli phezu kwesitimela sokuqapha.
• Izidingo Zesakhiwo: Ezindaweni ezinezingozi zokuwa, ibanga elicacile phakathi kwamalungu aqondile wezinsimbi akufanele lidlule amamitha angu-0.11, futhi izakhiwo ezinezitebhisi akufanele zisetshenziswe. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela amabhodwe ezimbali ukuthi angawi kufanele futhi zibe khona ukugwema ukulimala kwesibili. Lo mthetho onemininingwane wobude berail yabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nesikhala sebha esime mpo, kanye nemfuneko yokugwema izakhiwo ezikhuphukela, ubonisa ukucatshangelwa okucolisisiwe kokuphepha kwabahamba ngezinyawo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi abaklami abagxili kuphela ekuvimbeleni ukuwa kodwa baphinde bangene ekuvimbeleni ukukhuphuka, ukubaleka, nezinye izingozi zesibili, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini asengozini njengezingane, okubonisa ukuqonda okujulile kwamaphethini okuziphatha kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni zomphakathi zasemadolobheni kanye nengqondo yedizayini yokuvimbela.
• Izindawo Ezigeleza Kakhulu zabahamba ngezinyawo: Imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo kufanele ifakwe eduze kwemizila yezimoto ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi abahamba ngezinyawo, njengeziteshi, amadokhu, indawo engaphezu kwabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nezindawo zokungena/eziphuma ngaphansi, kanye nezikhungo zezentengiselwano, ukuze kuqondiswe ukugeleza kwabahamba ngezinyawo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.

5.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kweziqaphi Zomzila Wezimoto Ezingasebenzisi

Imizila yezimoto okungeyona eyezimoto isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlukanisa izimoto ezihamba ngezimoto okungezona izimoto, kanye nezimoto okungezona izimoto kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamabhayisikili.

• Ukwehlukanisa Izimoto Ezihamba Ngezimoto Ezimotweni Ezingezona Izimoto: Ama-Guardrails asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa abagibeli bamabhayisikili ezimotweni ezinezimoto, ukuvimbela izimoto ezihamba ngezimoto ukuthi zingangeni emizileni yezimoto okungezona izimoto futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwamabhayisikili.
• Ukwehlukanisa Izimoto Okungezona Ezezimoto Kwabahamba ngezinyawo: Lapho ungekho umzila wokupaka eduze komzila wamabhayisikili futhi isivinini esiseduze sezimoto siphansi, kungafakwa ama-guardrails ukuze ahlukanise abagibeli bamabhayisikili nabahamba ngezinyawo, kuyilapho futhi kuvinjelwa abahamba ngezinyawo ukuba bangene emzileni wamabhayisikili, kugwenywe izingxabano ezibangelwa ukuhlangana kwezimoto.
• Ukuvikelwa Ezigabeni Zomgwaqo Okhethekile: Ezindaweni lapho imigwaqo evikela ukushayisana emajika, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, noma ekungeneni/ekuphumeni ithinta ibanga lokubona komshayeli, imigqa yokuqapha yekholomu yensimbi, imigqa yokuqapha ehlanganisiwe, noma i-W-beam ebonisa ngale kangcono iyanconywa ukuze kulinganiswe ukuphepha nemigqa yokubona.
• Izimiso Zomklamo: Kunconywa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe ithrafikhi yamabhayisikili nabahamba ngezinyawo ngokusebenzisa izimpawu noma izindlela ezizinikezele, ezinobubanzi bokuklama obuncane obungamamitha angu-3 emigwaqweni yamabhayisikili enezindlela ezimbili kanye namamitha angu-1.5 emigwaqweni yabahamba ngezinyawo.

• Eduze kwezitobhi zamabhasi, imizila yamabhayisikili ingaba ngobude obufanayo nemigwaqo eseceleni noma imigwaqo, kodwa kufanele iphakanyiswe ukuphakama kwendledlana engaseceleni komgwaqo kusetshenziswa amarempu eduze nezitobhi ukuze kube lula ngabahamba ngezinyawo ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokuma amabhasi.
• Impambanomgwaqo kufanele yakhelwe ngokucophelela ukunciphisa isivinini sezimoto, ukulawula isiminyaminya esingena ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, futhi kumiswe izimpawu ezifanele ukuze kuncishiswe izingxabano ezingaba khona.

5.3 Izicelo Ze-Guardrail Ekulawulweni Kwezokuthutha Kwesikhashana

Izinsimbi zokuqapha zesikhashana zidlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni zokwakha, imicimbi emikhulu, nokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ezisetshenziselwa ukuqondiswa kwethrafikhi, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo, nokuvikela ukuphepha.

• Izindawo Zokusebenza Zokwakha Umgwaqo:

• Izinsiza Zokuzihlukanisa: Omaka bethrafikhi abancane, ama- guardrail, nezinye izinsiza zokuzihlukanisa kufanele zifakwe ezingxenyeni zomsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yasemadolobheni ukuze kuhlukaniswe izimoto ezihamba ngezimoto, izimoto okungezona izimoto, kanye nesiminyaminya sabahamba ngezinyawo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ekwakhiweni kanye nokuhleleka kwezimoto.
• Ukumakwa Kwemingcele Nesexwayiso: Imizila yesikhashana yokuqapha ingasetshenziswa ukumaka imingcele, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi esikhathi eside, esikhundleni sezintambo zokuqapha abahamba ngezinyawo nezikhonkwane zethrafikhi ukuze kuhlukaniswe imizila yezimoto emigwaqweni eseduze noma ezindaweni zokwakha imigwaqo. Imivimbo yokuqapha yesikhashana kufanele imakwe ngokucacile, ibe nemicu ebomvu nemhlophe noma eminye ekhanyayo ehluke kakhulu ebheke ithrafikhi ezayo, kanye nezibani eziyisixwayiso ezifakwe ebusuku ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonakala imini nobusuku. Izithiyo ezigcwele amanzi zivame ukusetshenziswa kulesi simo ngenxa yokuzinza nokuhamba kalula.
• Ukususwa Nokubuyiselwa Kwesikhashana: Izikhungo zokuvikela ukuphepha ekwakhiweni akumele zisuswe ngokungafanele, zisetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, noma zishiywe; uma ukususwa kwesikhashana kudingekile ngenxa yezinqubo zokwakha, izikhungo zokuvikela okwesikhashana kufanele zengezwe, futhi ngokushesha zibuyiselwe ngemva kokuba inqubo isiqediwe.
• Imicimbi Emikhulu Yomphakathi:

• Ukuqondiswa Nokulawula Kwesixuku: Emicimbini emikhulu yomphakathi, abahleli kufanele bamise ngokwesayensi imizila yokungena nokuphuma kwabagibeli ngokusekelwe ezicini zendawo, basebenzise imizila yomjikelezo wendlela eyodwa noma engabuyi ukuze iqondise ukugeleza kwabagibeli, ukuphambukisa ngendlela enengqondo, ukugwema ukugeleza okuphambanayo, nokuvimbela ukuminyana kwabantu ngqo.²⁵ Uma kunesidingo, abahleli kufanele baqashe izinsimbi zokuqapha, izindawo ezivalekile, nezinye izinsiza zokuphepha ukuze zivale indawo noma abasebenzi abalawulayo.
• Ukugcinwa kumthamo kokuphepha kanye nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo: Abahleli bomcimbi kufanele basungule izindawo zokuvikela ukuphepha esizeni ukuze banciphise ukucindezela kwesixuku noma bakhiphe abasebenzi ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Uma ukuminyana kwesixuku kuphezulu kakhulu noma kungase kuholele ekunyatheleni, indlela ye-circuit breaker kufanele yenziwe isebenze ngokushesha, umcimbi unqanyulwe, futhi kusetshenziswe intambo yangaphandle, okuvumela ukuphuma kuphela.
• I-Traffic Diversion kanye nenhlangano: Ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa komgwaqo onguthelawayeka, ukwakhiwa kabusha, kanye namaphrojekthi okulungisa, ukuphambukiswa kwethrafikhi nomsebenzi wokuhlela kufanele kwenziwe ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwesitimela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwethrafikhi ephephile. Emicimbini emikhulu, uma ingase ithinte ithrafikhi ezungezile kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi, abahleli kufanele bakhe isiqondiso sethrafikhi futhi bahlele izinhlelo zokulungisa ama-oda.

6. Isiphetho

Imigwaqo eqapha umgwaqo omkhulu, njengengxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokuphepha emgwaqeni, inezimo ezibanzi zohlelo lokusebenza nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, enwebeka ngale kokuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba. Lo mbiko, ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezicelo ze- guardrail emigwaqweni, emigwaqweni emaphakathi, amabhuloho, emigudu, kanye nemigwaqo yasemadolobheni nasekulawuleni izimoto zesikhashana, uveza indima yawo eyinhloko ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha emgwaqeni, ukuqondisa ukuhamba kwezimoto, nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezingozi.

Ukuklanywa nokukhethwa kwama- guardrails kuyizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwenza izinqumo zobunjiniyela ezidinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezici zejometri yomgwaqo, umthamo wethrafikhi, ukwakheka kwemoto, izici zemvelo, kanye nemiphumela yezingozi ezingaba khona. Isibonelo, ezigabeni ezinengcuphe ephezulu njengamajika acijile, imimango, namagquma aphakeme, izinga lokuvikela lezinsimbi zokuqapha kufanele liphakanyiswe ngokufanelekile, libonise ifilosofi yedizayini eguquguqukayo esekelwe ekuhloleni ubungozi. Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokuvikela ibhuloho akufanele nje kuphela kuhlangabezane nokusebenza okunqanda ukushayisana kodwa futhi kucabangele umthwalo wesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zobuhle, ikakhulukazi lapho unqamula ujantshi, amachibi, nezinye izindawo ezibucayi, lapho izinga lokuvikelwa kwazo lidinga ukukhushulwa kakhulu ukuze libhekane nemithelela yesibili engase ibe yinhlekelele yesistimu. Idizayini ye-Guardrail ezindaweni zokungena/eziphumayo igcizelela uguquko neziqondiso ezibonakalayo ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zombono zabashayeli phakathi nezinguquko ekukhanyeni nasendaweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be- guardrail, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokugada ezihlanganisiwe nezinsimbi zokuvikela ukungqubuzana kwemigqomo ejikelezayo, kubonisa imizamo eqhubekayo kubunjiniyela bethrafikhi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuphepha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwemvelo. Lezi zindlela zokuthuthuka zibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze- guardrail zesikhathi esizayo zizohlakanipha kakhulu, zihlanganiswe, futhi zikwazi kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo zethrafikhi. Imigwaqo yokuqapha yabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nemigwaqo yezimoto okungezona izimoto emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni ibonisa ukuvikeleka okucolisisiwe kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo abasengozini (abahamba ngezinyawo, abagibeli bamabhayisikili), ukwakha izindawo zethrafikhi zasemadolobheni eziphephile nezihlelekile ngokuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba kanye neziqondiso zokuziphatha.

Ngamafuphi, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwama- guardrail womgwaqo omkhulu zinezinhlangothi eziningi futhi zihlelekile. Ukuklama nokuqaliswa kwazo akuzona izinselele zobuchwepheshe kuphela kodwa futhi ziwumfanekiso ojulile wefilosofi yethrafikhi "eqondiswe kubantu, ukuphepha kuqala". Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sethrafikhi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, indima yabaqaphi ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha emgwaqeni izoqhubeka nokuvela, iqhubekele ezindleleni ezisebenza kahle, ezihlakaniphile, nezigxile kubantu.